Center for Health and Performance (CHP), Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2021 Jul 6;18(1):90. doi: 10.1186/s12966-021-01156-1.
Physical activity (PA) during childhood is important for preventing future metabolic syndrome (MetS). To examine the relationship between PA and MetS in more detail, accurate measures of PA are needed. Previous studies have only utilized a small part of the information available from accelerometer measured PA. This study investigated the association between measured PA and MetS in children with a new method for data processing and analyses that enable more detailed interpretation of PA intensity level.
The association between PA pattern and risk factors related to MetS was investigated in a cross- sectional sample of children (n = 2592, mean age 10.9 years, 49.4% male) participating in the European multicenter I. Family study. The risk factors examined include body mass index, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance and a combined risk factor score (MetS score). PA was measured by triaxial accelerometers and raw data was processed using the 10 Hz frequency extended method (FEM). The PA output was divided into an intensity spectrum and the association with MetS risk factors was analyzed by partial least squares regression.
PA patterns differed between the European countries investigated, with Swedish children being most active and Italian children least active. Moderate intensity physical activity was associated with lower insulin resistance (R = 2.8%), while vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with lower body mass index (R = 3.6%), MetS score (R = 3.1%) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (R = 2.3%). PA of all intensities was associated with lower systolic- and diastolic blood pressure, although the associations were weaker than for the other risk factors (R = 1.5% and R = 1.4%). However, the multivariate analysis implies that the entire PA pattern must be considered. The main difference in PA was observed between normal weight and overweight children.
The present study suggests a greater importance of more PA corresponding to an intensity of at least brisk walking with inclusion of high-intense exercise, rather than a limited time spent sedentary, in the association to metabolic health in children. The methods of data processing and statistical analysis enabled accurate analysis and interpretation of the health benefits of high intensity PA that have not been shown previously.
儿童时期的身体活动（PA）对于预防未来的代谢综合征（MetS）很重要。为了更详细地研究 PA 与 MetS 之间的关系，需要准确测量 PA。以前的研究只利用了加速度计测量的 PA 中可用信息的一小部分。本研究采用一种新的数据处理和分析方法，该方法能够更详细地解释 PA 强度水平，从而研究了 PA 与儿童 MetS 之间的关系。
本研究在参加欧洲多中心 I.家庭研究的横断面儿童样本（n=2592，平均年龄 10.9 岁，49.4%为男性）中，调查了 PA 模式与 MetS 相关危险因素之间的关系。检查的危险因素包括体重指数、血压、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素抵抗和综合危险因素评分（MetS 评分）。PA 通过三轴加速度计测量，原始数据使用 10Hz 扩展频率方法（FEM）处理。PA 输出分为强度谱，用偏最小二乘回归分析与 MetS 危险因素的关系。
所研究的欧洲国家之间的 PA 模式存在差异，瑞典儿童最活跃，意大利儿童最不活跃。中等强度的身体活动与较低的胰岛素抵抗有关（R=2.8%），而剧烈强度的身体活动与较低的体重指数（R=3.6%）、MetS 评分（R=3.1%）和较高的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（R=2.3%）有关。所有强度的 PA 均与较低的收缩压和舒张压相关，尽管这些关联比其他危险因素（R=1.5%和 R=1.4%）弱。然而，多元分析表明，整个 PA 模式都必须考虑。PA 的主要差异存在于正常体重和超重儿童之间。
本研究表明，在儿童代谢健康方面，更重要的是进行更多的 PA，其对应的强度至少为快走，并包括高强度运动，而不是限制久坐的时间。数据处理和统计分析方法能够准确分析和解释以前未显示的高强度 PA 的健康益处。
