Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Department of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2022 Feb;68(1):13-24. doi: 10.1080/19396368.2021.1985186. Epub 2021 Oct 10.
Annually, approximately 2 million assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures are performed worldwide, of which, only ~25% lead to successful delivery. There are two major factors contributing to successful implantation: embryo quality and endometrial receptivity (ER). Although embryo quality might be assessed through morphological and genetic testing, no clinically approved techniques are available to evaluate ER. Mucus in different parts of the female reproductive tract contains many cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and nucleic acids, which influence and reflect various implantation-related processes. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to summarize available data regarding noninvasively obtained mucosal biomarkers for ER and to investigate their ability to predict the outcome of ART procedures. A broad literature search was performed to define studies related to noninvasive ER assessments. More than 50 biomarkers detectable in endometrial fluid, embryo transfer cannula leftover cells and mucus, menstrual blood, cervicovaginal washings are discussed herein. The remarkable methodological heterogeneity of the reviewed studies complicates the comparison of their results. Nevertheless, certain promising analytical targets may already be identified, such as urocortin, activin A, IL-1β, TNF-α, IP-10, MCP-1, and several oxidative stress biomarkers. The present review contains a collection of currently available mucosal biomarker-related data, which may provide insights for future studies. ART: assisted reproductive technology; ER: endometrial receptivity; IVF: fertilization; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IUI: intrauterine insemination; MeSH: Medical Subject Headings; hDP 200: human decidua-associated protein 200; ET: embryo transfer; IL-18: Interleukin-18; LRG: leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein; ROC: receiver operating characteristic; AUC: area under the ROC-curve; LH: luteinizing hormone; LIF: leukemia inhibitory factor; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; IFN-γ: interferon γ; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; LPO: lipid peroxidation; TTG: total thiol groups; TAP: total antioxidant power; CE: chronic endometritis.
每年，全世界大约有 200 万次辅助生殖技术（ART）手术，其中只有~25%能成功分娩。有两个主要因素促成成功的着床：胚胎质量和子宫内膜容受性（ER）。虽然可以通过形态学和遗传学测试来评估胚胎质量，但目前尚无临床认可的技术可用于评估 ER。女性生殖道不同部位的黏液中含有许多细胞因子、趋化因子、生长因子和核酸，这些物质影响和反映了各种与着床相关的过程。因此，本综述的目的是总结目前关于非侵入性获得的 ER 生物标志物的可用数据，并探讨其预测 ART 程序结局的能力。进行了广泛的文献检索，以确定与非侵入性 ER 评估相关的研究。本文讨论了可在子宫内膜液、胚胎移植管残留细胞和黏液、月经血、宫颈阴道洗液中检测到的 50 多种生物标志物。所审查研究的显著方法学异质性使得比较其结果变得复杂。然而，已经可以确定某些有前途的分析靶标，例如尿皮质素、激活素 A、IL-1β、TNF-α、IP-10、MCP-1 和几种氧化应激生物标志物。本综述包含了目前可用的有关黏膜生物标志物的相关数据的集合，这些数据可能为未来的研究提供参考。ART：辅助生殖技术；ER：子宫内膜容受性；IVF：受精；ICSI：胞浆内精子注射；IUI：宫腔内人工授精；MeSH：医学主题词；hDP 200：人蜕膜相关蛋白 200；ET：胚胎移植；IL-18：白细胞介素 18；LRG：富含亮氨酸的α2-糖蛋白；ROC：受试者工作特征；AUC：ROC 曲线下面积；LH：促黄体生成素；LIF：白血病抑制因子；TNF-α：肿瘤坏死因子α；IFN-γ：干扰素γ；MCP-1：单核细胞趋化蛋白-1；VEGF：血管内皮生长因子；SOD：超氧化物歧化酶；CAT：过氧化氢酶；LPO：脂质过氧化；TTG：总巯基；TAP：总抗氧化能力；CE：慢性子宫内膜炎。
