Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.
Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
J Comp Neurol. 2022 May;530(7):998-1019. doi: 10.1002/cne.25259. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
While cortical injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and neocortical stroke, acutely disrupt the neocortex, most of their consequent disabilities reflect secondary injuries that develop over time. Thalamic neuroinflammation has been proposed to be a biomarker of cortical injury and of the long-term cognitive and neurological deficits that follow. However, the extent to which thalamic neuroinflammation depends on the type of cortical injury or its location remains unknown. Using two mouse models of focal neocortical injury that do not directly damage subcortical structures-controlled cortical impact and photothrombotic ischemic stroke-we found that chronic neuroinflammation in the thalamic region mirrors the functional connections with the injured cortex, and that sensory corticothalamic regions may be more likely to sustain long-term damage than nonsensory circuits. Currently, heterogeneous clinical outcomes complicate treatment. Understanding how thalamic inflammation depends on the injury site can aid in predicting features of subsequent deficits and lead to more effective, customized therapies.
虽然皮质损伤，如创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 和皮质卒中，会急性破坏皮质，但它们随后的大多数残疾都反映了随着时间的推移而发展的继发性损伤。丘脑神经炎症已被提议作为皮质损伤以及随之而来的长期认知和神经功能缺陷的生物标志物。然而，丘脑神经炎症在多大程度上取决于皮质损伤的类型或其位置尚不清楚。使用两种不直接损伤皮质下结构的局灶性皮质损伤小鼠模型——控制性皮质撞击和光血栓性缺血性卒中——我们发现，丘脑区域的慢性神经炎症反映了与损伤皮质的功能连接，并且感觉皮质丘脑区域可能比非感觉回路更有可能持续存在长期损伤。目前，混杂的临床结果使治疗变得复杂。了解丘脑炎症如何取决于损伤部位，可以帮助预测随后的缺陷特征，并导致更有效、定制化的治疗。
