Stenroos Soili, Pino-Bodas Raquel, Hyvönen Jaakko, Lumbsch Helge Thorsten, Ahti Teuvo
Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botany Unit, University of Helsinki, PO Box 47, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain.
Cladistics. 2019 Aug;35(4):351-384. doi: 10.1111/cla.12363. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Cladoniaceae is a family of lichenized fungi that belongs to the Lecanorales, Ascomycota. The family is distributed widely, although several genera are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. The circumscriptions of the genera and species in the family have traditionally been based on thallus morphology, the type of vegetative propagules and the secondary metabolites. However, numerous species are highly variable phenotypically, making their delimitation problematic. In the present study a new phylogeny of Cladoniaceae is constructed using five loci (ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA, RPB2, RPB1, EF-1a) from a worldwide sample of 643 specimens representing 304 species. Cladoniaceae was resolved as a monophyletic group. The circumscription of the genera and the relationships among them are discussed. Pycnothelia, Carassea and Metus are closely related, forming a sister clade to the larger genus Cladonia. Cladia in its recent wide sense turned out to be paraphyletic, including species that have been recognized in Thysanothecium and Notocladonia. Cladonia was resolved as monophyletic, with C. wainioi as the earliest diverging lineage. Eleven major clades were resolved in Cladonia. No synapomorphies were found for most of them. We propose the new genera Pulchrocladia and Rexia, as segregates of Cladia, five new combinations, and the resurrection of the genus Heterodea.
石蕊科是一类地衣化真菌，属于子囊菌门茶渍纲。该科分布广泛，不过有几个属仅分布于南半球。传统上，该科属和种的界定基于地衣体形态、营养繁殖体类型以及次生代谢产物。然而，许多物种在表型上高度可变，这使得它们的界定存在问题。在本研究中，利用来自全球643个标本（代表304个物种）的五个基因座（ITS rDNA、IGS rDNA、RPB2、RPB1、EF-1a）构建了石蕊科的新系统发育树。结果表明石蕊科是一个单系类群。文中讨论了各属的界定及其相互关系。皮氏石蕊属、卡氏石蕊属和梅图斯属关系密切，形成了一个与较大的石蕊属的姐妹分支。近期广义的克劳迪石蕊属结果显示为并系类群，包括了一些在束发石蕊属和异枝石蕊属中已被认可的物种。石蕊属被确定为单系类群，瓦尼奥石蕊为最早分化的谱系。在石蕊属中解析出了11个主要分支。其中大多数分支未发现共衍征。我们提议将克劳迪石蕊属的两个新属——美形石蕊属和雷氏石蕊属作为其分类单元，提出五个新组合，并恢复异枝石蕊属。
