School of Finance, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(11):15664-15680. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16504-8. Epub 2021 Oct 11.
Continuously improving freshwater aquaculture efficiency will promote the sustainable development of freshwater aquaculture, which is crucial to ensure aquatic food supply. In particular, measuring the total factor productivity (TFP) of freshwater aquaculture to find ways to improve its efficiency is of great significance to sustainable development of freshwater aquaculture industry. Therefore, based on directional distance function, this paper constructs a meta-frontier Malmquist index (MMI) model by considering the regional heterogeneity to evaluate the TFP of freshwater aquaculture of China from 2004 to 2019. The results show that (1) from the perspective of time, TFP fluctuated significantly from 2004 to 2012, while after 2013, TFP remained around 1 with small fluctuation. In other words, freshwater aquaculture in China began to maintain a relatively negative state of development. (2) From a regional point of view, this study found that freshwater aquaculture TFP of inland region is better than the TFP of coastal region. (3) From the decomposition index, the variation of freshwater aquaculture TFP was driven by the combined effect of technology change (TC) and technical efficiency change (EC). In addition, the decomposition index efficiency shows that the technical efficiency decreases and the management efficiency changes little. (4) The gap of freshwater aquaculture technology in coastal areas is very small, and close to the optimal technical level. While in inland region, on the contrary, there is more room for improvement. According to the above empirical results, this paper finally gives some policy suggestions to improve the TFP to ensure the sustainable development of freshwater aquaculture.
持续提高淡水养殖业效率将促进淡水养殖业的可持续发展，这对于确保水产食品供应至关重要。特别是，衡量淡水养殖业的全要素生产率（TFP），寻找提高其效率的方法，对淡水养殖业的可持续发展具有重要意义。因此，本文基于方向距离函数，考虑区域异质性，构建了一个考虑区域异质性的Meta-Frontier Malmquist 指数（MMI）模型，以评估中国 2004-2019 年的淡水养殖业 TFP。结果表明：（1）从时间角度看，TFP 从 2004 年到 2012 年波动较大，而 2013 年以后，TFP 一直保持在 1 左右，波动较小。也就是说，中国的淡水养殖业开始维持在一个相对负发展的状态。（2）从区域角度来看，本研究发现内陆地区的淡水养殖业 TFP 优于沿海地区。（3）从分解指数来看，淡水养殖业 TFP 的变化是由技术变化（TC）和技术效率变化（EC）的综合作用驱动的。此外，分解指数效率表明技术效率下降，管理效率变化不大。（4）沿海地区的淡水养殖技术差距很小，接近最优技术水平。而在内陆地区，情况则相反，还有很大的改进空间。根据以上实证结果，本文最后提出了一些提高 TFP 以确保淡水养殖业可持续发展的政策建议。
