Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(11):15827-15837. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16954-0. Epub 2021 Oct 11.
Although heavy metal pollution has developed into a major global environmental problem, most research has focused on specific elements, especially arsenic (As) and selenium (Se), and on the health risks to people in polluted areas or by occupation. This study investigated the urine of 480 participants from Guangzhou with a population of 18 million and targeted nine heavy metals: As, Se, chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), and mercury (Hg). The heavy metals were widely detected, of which As, Se, Cd, and Pb all exceed 98%. Among the toxicants, As showed the highest concentration, followed by Se with 40.5 and 35.4 μg/L, respectively. The heavy metal levels from suburban subjects were generally higher than those in urban subjects (except for Sb), and the Cd level of males was lower than that of females. Concentrations were related to age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and smoking. According to the health risk assessment, most subjects experienced potential non-carcinogenic risk from As, Cd, Se, and Hg, which accounted for 38.2%, 8.83%, 8.31%, and 3.38%, respectively. The carcinogenic risk of As and Cd surpassed the risk level of 10, and 90.1% and 35.4% of the subjects, respectively, exceeded 10, an unacceptable risk level. More attention to the high carcinogenic risk from heavy metals and the high detected levels of As and Cd is required.
尽管重金属污染已发展成为一个主要的全球性环境问题，但大多数研究都集中在特定元素上，尤其是砷（As）和硒（Se），以及受污染地区或职业人群的健康风险。本研究调查了来自拥有 1800 万人口的广州的 480 名参与者的尿液，目标是检测 9 种重金属：砷（As）、硒（Se）、铬（Cr）、锰（Mn）、镍（Ni）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、锑（Sb）和汞（Hg）。这些重金属广泛存在，其中 As、Se、Cd 和 Pb 的检出率均超过 98%。在这些有毒物质中，As 的浓度最高，其次是 Se，分别为 40.5 和 35.4μg/L。郊区人群的重金属水平普遍高于城市人群（除 Sb 外），男性的 Cd 水平低于女性。重金属水平与年龄、体重指数、饮酒和吸烟有关。根据健康风险评估，大多数受试者都面临来自 As、Cd、Se 和 Hg 的潜在非致癌风险，分别占 38.2%、8.83%、8.31%和 3.38%。As 和 Cd 的致癌风险超过了 10 的风险水平，分别有 90.1%和 35.4%的受试者超过了 10，这是一个不可接受的风险水平。需要更加关注重金属的高致癌风险和高检出水平的 As 和 Cd。
