Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Management Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jan;25(2):1055-1069. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0513-1. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
This study assessed literature-based data for the period 2006-2016 regarding heavy metal (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Hg) concentrations in soils from 32 Chinese cities and the associated human health risks. The mean concentrations of the eight metals were lower than the soil environmental quality standards in China, but were much higher than the background values for most cities. The enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (I ) values showed moderate pollution levels, possibly influenced by anthropogenic activity for Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn. The pollution levels in eastern cities were much higher than those in western cities, and heavy metals concentrations in different types of cities followed the order: industrial based cities > more developed cities > metropoles > underdeveloped cities. The human health risk assessment for heavy metals in most cities indicated that non-carcinogenic risks were within threshold values (HI < 1). The total carcinogenic risk due to As, Cr, and Ni in most urban areas was in excess of 1 × 10, but was lower than 1 × 10. However, in some cities (e.g., Baoji City, Tiyuan City, and Xuzhou City), Ni and Cr have potential cancer risks for both adults and children. Compared to adults, children could be more seriously threatened by heavy metal contamination in soils. In general, we recommend that Cd, Hg, and Pb are selected as priority heavy metals pollutants that require control in Chinese cities.
本研究评估了 2006-2016 年期间 32 个中国城市土壤中重金属（砷、镉、铬、铜、铅、镍、锌和汞）浓度的文献数据，以及与人类健康风险相关的数据。这八种金属的平均浓度低于中国土壤环境质量标准，但远高于大多数城市的背景值。富集因子（EF）和地质累积指数（I）值表明存在中度污染，可能受到人为活动对镉、汞、铅和锌的影响。东部城市的污染水平远高于西部城市，不同类型城市的重金属浓度顺序为：工业城市>发达城市>特大城市>欠发达城市。大多数城市的重金属人体健康风险评估表明，非致癌风险处于阈值范围内（HI < 1）。由于砷、铬和镍，大多数城市的总致癌风险超过了 1×10，但低于 1×10。然而，在一些城市（如宝鸡市、太原市和徐州市），镍和铬对成人和儿童都存在潜在的致癌风险。与成年人相比，儿童可能会受到土壤中重金属污染的更严重威胁。总的来说，我们建议将镉、汞和铅作为中国城市需要控制的优先重金属污染物。
