LACy, Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones, UMR 8105 CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Météo-France, 97744 Saint-Denis, France.
School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 5;18(19):10475. doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910475.
As part of the UV-Indien project, a station for measuring ultraviolet radiation and the cloud fraction was installed in December 2019 in Moroni, the capital of the Comoros, situated on the west coast of the island of Ngazidja. A ground measurement campaign was also carried out on 12 January 2020 during the ascent of Mount Karthala, located in the center of the island of Ngazidja. In addition, satellite estimates (Ozone Monitoring Instrument and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) and model outputs (Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service and Tropospheric Ultraviolet Model) were combined for this same region. On the one hand, these different measurements and estimates make it possible to quantify, evaluate, and monitor the health risk linked to exposure to ultraviolet radiation in this region, and, on the other, they help to understand how cloud cover influences the variability of UV-radiation on the ground. The measurements of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument onboard the EOS-AURA satellite, being the longest timeseries of ultraviolet measurements available in this region, make it possible to quantify the meteorological conditions in Moroni and to show that more than 80% of the ultraviolet indices are classified as high and that 60% of these are classified as extreme. The cloud cover measured in Moroni by an All Sky Camera was used to distinguish between the cases of UV index measurements taken under clear or cloudy sky conditions. The ground-based measurements thus made it possible to describe the variability of the diurnal cycle of the UV index and the influence of cloud cover on this parameter. They also permitted the satellite measurements and the results of the simulations to be validated. In clear sky conditions, a relative difference of between 6 and 11% was obtained between satellite or model estimates and ground measurements. The ultraviolet index measurement campaign on Mount Karthala showed maximum one-minute standard erythemal doses at 0.3 SED and very high daily cumulative erythemal doses at more than 80 SED. These very high levels are also observed throughout the year and all skin phototypes can exceed the daily erythemal dose threshold at more than 20 SED.
作为 UV-Indien 项目的一部分，一个用于测量紫外线辐射和云量的站于 2019 年 12 月在科摩罗首都莫罗尼安装，该站位于恩加济扎岛西海岸。2020 年 1 月 12 日，在恩加济扎岛中部的卡尔萨拉山上升期间，还进行了地面测量活动。此外，还对同一地区的卫星估计（臭氧监测仪器和对流层监测仪器）和模型输出（哥白尼大气监测服务和对流层紫外线模型）进行了组合。一方面，这些不同的测量和估计使得量化、评估和监测该地区暴露于紫外线辐射的健康风险成为可能，另一方面，它们有助于了解云量如何影响地面紫外线辐射的可变性。EOS-AURA 卫星上搭载的臭氧监测仪器的测量结果是该地区可用的最长紫外线测量时间序列，使得量化莫罗尼的气象条件成为可能，并表明超过 80%的紫外线指数被归类为高，其中 60%被归类为极端。全天空相机在莫罗尼测量的云量用于区分在晴天或阴天条件下进行紫外线指数测量的情况。因此，地面测量结果使得描述紫外线指数的日变化周期的可变性以及云量对该参数的影响成为可能。它们还允许对卫星测量和模拟结果进行验证。在晴天条件下，卫星或模型估计值与地面测量值之间的相对差异在 6%到 11%之间。卡尔萨拉山的紫外线指数测量活动显示，在 0.3 SED 时达到最大一分钟标准红斑剂量，在 80 SED 以上时达到非常高的每日累积红斑剂量。这些非常高的水平全年都有，所有皮肤光型在超过 20 SED 时都可能超过每日红斑剂量阈值。
