Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland.
Kardiol Pol. 2021;79(11):1251-1255. doi: 10.33963/KP.a2021.0129. Epub 2021 Oct 13.
The number of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) surviving to old age is increasing worldwide. Acquired cardiovascular comorbidities may complicate the course and treatment of the underlying congenital disease and worsen the prognosis.
The study aimed to assess the burden of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors among elderly patients with ACHD.
A retrospective analysis of data on all patients ≥60 years of age hospitalized in a tertiary clinic for ACHD was performed from July 2013 to March 2020. We collected information on smoking status, body mass index, and the presence of dyslipidemia, systemic hypertension, and diabetes.
The most common CV risk factors among 322 patients ≥60 years of age (median age 66 years; 34% men) were: being overweight/obesity (65.5%), dyslipidemia (64.9%), and arterial hypertension (60.6%). Over 21% of patients suffered from diabetes, and 25.8% were smokers. Over 54% of patients had two or 3 CV risk factors. Patients above 70 years of age were healthier in terms of being overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia, and smoking status. Patients with mild ACHD were more likely hypertensive compared to individuals with complex defects. The highest CV burden was noted in younger men with mild ACHD.
We demonstrated a high burden of CV risk factors in seniors with ACHD. Special attention should be paid to the identification and control of classical CV risk factors in order to prevent acquired CV disease in this population.
全球范围内，患有先天性心脏病（ACHD）的成年人存活至老年的人数正在增加。获得性心血管合并症可能使基础先天性疾病的病程和治疗复杂化，并使预后恶化。
本研究旨在评估老年 ACHD 患者心血管（CV）危险因素的负担。
我们对 2013 年 7 月至 2020 年 3 月期间在三级 ACHD 诊所住院的所有≥60 岁患者的数据进行了回顾性分析。我们收集了有关吸烟状况、体重指数以及血脂异常、全身性高血压和糖尿病的信息。
322 名≥60 岁患者（中位年龄 66 岁；34%为男性）最常见的 CV 危险因素包括：超重/肥胖（65.5%）、血脂异常（64.9%）和动脉高血压（60.6%）。超过 21%的患者患有糖尿病，25.8%为吸烟者。超过 54%的患者有 2 种或 3 种 CV 危险因素。70 岁以上的患者在超重/肥胖、血脂异常和吸烟状况方面更为健康。与患有复杂缺陷的患者相比，患有轻度 ACHD 的患者更易患高血压。在年轻的男性伴有轻度 ACHD 的患者中，CV 负担最高。
我们发现 ACHD 老年患者 CV 危险因素负担较高。应特别注意识别和控制传统的 CV 危险因素，以预防该人群发生获得性 CV 疾病。
