Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in the North Yellow and Huai River Valley of Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
College of Agricultural, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
Plant Dis. 2022 Mar;106(3):864-871. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-05-21-0982-RE. Epub 2022 Mar 10.
Wheat pathogens, especially those causing powdery mildew and stripe rust, seriously threaten yield worldwide. Utilizing newly identified disease resistance genes from wheat relatives is an effective strategy to minimize disease damage. In this study, chromosome-specific molecular markers for the 3S and 7S chromosomes of were developed using PCR-based landmark unique gene primers for screening wheat- progenies. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to further identify wheat- progenies using oligonucleotides probes Oligo-pSc119.2-1, Oligo-pTa535-1, and Oligo-(GAA). After establishing 3S and 7S chromosome-specific FISH markers, Holdfast (common wheat)- 3S addition, 7S addition, 3S(3A) substitution, 3S(3B) substitution, 3S(3D) substitution, 7S(7A) substitution, and 7S(7B) substitution lines were identified by the molecular and cytological markers. Stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance, along with agronomic traits, were investigated to evaluate the breeding potential of these lines. Holdfast and Holdfast- progenies were all highly resistant to stripe rust, indicating that the stripe rust resistance might derive from Holdfast. However, Holdfast- 3S addition, 3S(3A) substitution, 3S(3B) substitution, and 3S(3D) substitution lines showed high resistance to powdery mildew while Holdfast was highly susceptible, indicating that chromosome 3S of carries previously unknown powdery mildew resistance gene(s). Additionally, the transfer of the 3S chromosome from to wheat significantly increased tiller number, but chromosome 7S has a negative effect on agronomic traits. Therefore, wheat germplasm containing chromosome 3S has potential to contribute to improving powdery mildew resistance and tiller number during wheat breeding.
小麦病原体，尤其是引起白粉病和条锈病的病原体，严重威胁着全球的产量。利用从小麦近缘种中鉴定出的新的抗病基因是减轻病害损害的有效策略。在这项研究中，使用基于 PCR 的地标独特基因引物，为筛选小麦衍生后代，开发了 3S 和 7S 染色体的小麦特异性分子标记。利用寡核苷酸探针 Oligo-pSc119.2-1、Oligo-pTa535-1 和 Oligo-(GAA)进行荧光原位杂交（FISH），进一步鉴定小麦衍生后代。建立了 3S 和 7S 染色体特异性 FISH 标记后，通过分子和细胞学标记鉴定了 Holdfast（普通小麦）-3S 附加系、7S 附加系、3S（3A）代换系、3S（3B）代换系、3S（3D）代换系、7S（7A）代换系和 7S（7B）代换系。对白粉病和条锈病的抗性以及农艺性状进行了调查，以评估这些系的育种潜力。Holdfast 和 Holdfast 衍生后代对白粉病均表现出高度抗性，表明条锈病抗性可能来自 Holdfast。然而，Holdfast-3S 附加系、3S（3A）代换系、3S（3B）代换系和 3S（3D）代换系对白粉病表现出高度抗性，而 Holdfast 则高度敏感，表明 3S 染色体携带了未知的白粉病抗性基因。此外，将 3S 染色体从 转移到小麦中显著增加了分蘖数，但 7S 染色体对农艺性状有负面影响。因此，含有 3S 染色体的小麦种质资源有可能为小麦育种中提高白粉病抗性和分蘖数做出贡献。
