College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, 712100, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2021 Dec 6;21(1):575. doi: 10.1186/s12870-021-03360-4.
Aegilops geniculata Roth is closely related to common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and is a valuable genetic resource for improvement of wheat.
In this study, the W19513 line was derived from the BCF progeny of a cross between wheat 'Chinese Spring' and Ae. geniculata SY159. Cytological examination showed that W19513 contained 44 chromosomes. Twenty-two bivalents were formed at the first meiotic metaphase I in the pollen mother cellsand the chromosomes were evenly distributed to opposite poles at meiotic anaphase I. Genomic in situ hybridization demonstrated that W19513 carried a pair of alien chromosomes from the M genome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed detection of variation in chromosomes 4A and 6B. Functional molecular marker analysis using expressed sequence tag-sequence-tagged site and PCR-based landmark unique gene primers revealed that the alien gene belonged to the third homologous group. The marker analysis confirmed that the alien chromosome pair was 3M. In addition, to further explore the molecular marker specificity of chromosome 3M, based on the specific locus amplified fragment sequencing technique, molecular markers specific for W19513 were developed with efficiencies of up to 47.66%. The W19513 line was inoculated with the physiological race E09 of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) at the seedling stage and showed moderate resistance. Field inoculation with a mixture of the races CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34 of the stripe rust fungus (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticii) revealed that the line W19513 showed strong resistance.
This study provides a foundation for use of the line W19513 in future genetic research and wheat improvement.
节节麦是普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的近缘物种，是改良小麦的宝贵遗传资源。
本研究以小麦‘中国春’与节节麦 SY159 的杂交后代 BCF 群体为材料，通过系谱法选育获得了携带节节麦染色体的 19513 号材料。细胞学观察发现，19513 号材料含有 44 条染色体，减数分裂前期Ⅰ的花粉母细胞中可观察到 22 个二价体，减数分裂后期Ⅰ染色体均匀分配到两极。基因组原位杂交（GISH）分析表明，19513 号材料携带一对来自节节麦 M 基因组的外源染色体。荧光原位杂交（FISH）进一步证实了其 4A 和 6B 染色体的变异。利用表达序列标签-序列标签位点（EST-STS）和基于 PCR 的标记基因引物的功能分子标记分析表明，该外源基因属于 3 号同源群。标记分析证实外源染色体组成为 3M。此外，为进一步探索 3M 染色体的分子标记特异性，基于特异扩增片段测序（SLAF）技术，开发了多达 47.66%效率的特异于 19513 号材料的分子标记。19513 号材料在幼苗期接种小麦白粉菌生理小种 E09 时表现出中抗，田间接种条锈菌混合生理小种 CYR31、CYR32、CYR33 和 CYR34 时表现出高抗。
本研究为进一步利用 19513 号材料开展遗传研究和小麦改良提供了基础。
