Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Cell Biol Int. 2022 Jan;46(1):129-138. doi: 10.1002/cbin.11710. Epub 2021 Oct 21.
Microglial activation has been studied extensively in diabetic retinopathy. We have previously detected activation and migration of microglia in 8-week-old diabetic rat retinas. It is widely acknowledged that microglia-mediated inflammation contributes to the progression of diabetic retinopathy. However, existing cell models do not explore the role of activated microglia in vitro. In this study, microglia were subject to various conditions mimicking diabetic retinopathy, including high glucose, glyoxal, and hypoxia. Under high glucose or glyoxal treatment, microglia demonstrated only partially functional changes, while under hypoxia, microglia became fully activated showing enlarged cell bodies, enhanced migration and phagocytosis as well as increased production of pro-inflammatory factors such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The data indicate that hypoxia-treated microglia is an optimal in vitro model for exploration of microglia activation in diabetic retinopathy.
小胶质细胞的激活在糖尿病性视网膜病变中已得到广泛研究。我们之前已经在 8 周龄的糖尿病大鼠视网膜中检测到小胶质细胞的激活和迁移。人们普遍认为，小胶质细胞介导的炎症反应是糖尿病性视网膜病变进展的原因之一。然而，现有的细胞模型并未在体外探索激活的小胶质细胞的作用。在这项研究中，小胶质细胞被置于模拟糖尿病性视网膜病变的各种条件下，包括高葡萄糖、乙二醛和缺氧。在高葡萄糖或乙二醛处理下，小胶质细胞仅表现出部分功能改变，而在缺氧条件下，小胶质细胞完全激活，表现出细胞体增大、迁移和吞噬作用增强，以及促炎因子如环氧合酶-2（COX-2）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的产生增加。这些数据表明，缺氧处理的小胶质细胞是探索糖尿病性视网膜病变中小胶质细胞激活的理想体外模型。
