Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Cell Biol Int. 2022 Jan;46(1):52-62. doi: 10.1002/cbin.11711. Epub 2021 Oct 21.
Podocytes, highly specified kidney epithelial cells, live under several pathological stimuli and stresses during which they adapt themselves to keep homeostasis. Nevertheless, under extreme stress, a complex scenario of podocyte damage and its consequences occur. Podocyte damage causes foot process effacement and their detachment from the glomerular basement membrane, leading to proteinuria. Podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs), mainly microparticles and exosomes are considered as signaling mediators of intercellular communication. Recently, it has been shown that throughout the injury-related migration procedure, podocytes are capable of releasing the injury-related migrasomes. Evidence indicates that at the early stages of glomerular disorders, increased levels of pEVs are observed in urine. At the early stage of nephropathy, pEVs especially migrasomes seem to be more sensitive and reliable indicators of podocyte stress and/or damage than proteinuria. This review highlights the current knowledge of pEVs and their values for the diagnosis of different kidney diseases.
足细胞是高度特化的肾脏上皮细胞，在多种病理刺激和应激下生存，在此期间它们会自我适应以保持体内平衡。然而，在极端应激下，会发生复杂的足细胞损伤及其后果。足细胞损伤导致足突融合和它们与肾小球基底膜的分离，导致蛋白尿。足细胞来源的细胞外囊泡（pEVs），主要是微颗粒和外泌体，被认为是细胞间通讯的信号介质。最近，已经表明，在与损伤相关的迁移过程中，足细胞能够释放损伤相关的迁移体。有证据表明，在肾小球疾病的早期阶段，尿液中 pEVs 的水平升高。在肾脏病的早期阶段，pEVs 特别是迁移体似乎比蛋白尿更能敏感和可靠地反映足细胞的应激和/或损伤。本综述强调了 pEVs 的最新知识及其在诊断不同肾脏疾病中的价值。
