Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Science. 2021 Dec 3;374(6572):abm0829. doi: 10.1126/science.abm0829.
The durability of immune memory after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination remains unclear. In this study, we longitudinally profiled vaccine responses in SARS-CoV-2–naïve and –recovered individuals for 6 months after vaccination. Antibodies declined from peak levels but remained detectable in most subjects at 6 months. By contrast, mRNA vaccines generated functional memory B cells that increased from 3 to 6 months postvaccination, with the majority of these cells cross-binding the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. mRNA vaccination further induced antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells, and early CD4 T cell responses correlated with long-term humoral immunity. Recall responses to vaccination in individuals with preexisting immunity primarily increased antibody levels without substantially altering antibody decay rates. Together, these findings demonstrate robust cellular immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants for at least 6 months after mRNA vaccination.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）信使 RNA（mRNA）疫苗接种后免疫记忆的持久性尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们在接种疫苗后 6 个月的时间内，对 SARS-CoV-2 初免和已恢复个体的疫苗反应进行了纵向分析。抗体从峰值水平下降，但在大多数受试者中仍可在 6 个月时检测到。相比之下，mRNA 疫苗产生了功能性记忆 B 细胞，这些细胞在接种疫苗后 3 至 6 个月内增加，其中大多数细胞可交叉结合 Alpha、Beta 和 Delta 变体。mRNA 疫苗进一步诱导了抗原特异性 CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞，并且早期的 CD4 T 细胞反应与长期体液免疫相关。在具有预先存在免疫的个体中，疫苗接种的回忆反应主要增加了抗体水平，而没有显著改变抗体衰减率。总的来说，这些发现表明，在 mRNA 疫苗接种后至少 6 个月内，对 SARS-CoV-2 及其变体具有强大的细胞免疫记忆。
