Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
MARU, Tokyo Business Clinic, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
PLoS One. 2021 Oct 14;16(10):e0258357. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258357. eCollection 2021.
Rubella and measles outbreaks in adults occur because of unimmunized or partially immunized status. Travel clinics play an important role in catch-up measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella immunization for adults. We evaluated the need for catch-up measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella immunization by young adults at our travel clinic. This retrospective observational study was conducted at the National Center for Global Health and Medicine from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018. Adults aged 16-49 years who received pre-travel consultation and had childhood immunization records were included. Individuals who fully or partially received planned measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella catch-up immunization were classified as "immunized." We calculated the proportion of "immunized" individuals and analyzed the factors associated with catch-up measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella immunization at pre-travel consultation using logistic regression analysis. Overall, 3,456 individuals received pre-travel consultations during the study period; 827 (336 men, median age 22 years) had childhood immunization records. The most common trip purposes were study (33%) and tourism (24%). The most common destination was Asia (39%). Catch-up immunization of any measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella vaccine was needed by 755 individuals. After consultation, 20-46% of these participants who needed catchup immunization received at least one dose of immunization. Factors that are negatively associated with measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella catch-up immunization were tourism (odds ratio 0.37 to 0.58), yellow fever vaccination (0.45 to 0.50) (excluding varicella), and each disease history (0.13 to 0.40) (excluding rubella and varicella). Further studies are needed to identify barriers to catch-up immunization.
风疹和麻疹在成年人中的爆发是由于未免疫或部分免疫引起的。旅行诊所在为成年人进行麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎和水痘的补种免疫方面发挥着重要作用。我们评估了我们旅行诊所的年轻成年人补种麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎和水痘疫苗的需求。这项回顾性观察研究于 2017 年 6 月 1 日至 2018 年 5 月 31 日在日本国立全球卫生与医学研究中心进行。纳入年龄在 16-49 岁、接受过旅行前咨询且有儿童免疫记录的成年人。完全或部分接受计划中的麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎和水痘补种免疫的个体被归类为“免疫”。我们计算了“免疫”个体的比例，并使用逻辑回归分析分析了旅行前咨询时与麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎和水痘补种免疫相关的因素。研究期间，共有 3456 人接受了旅行前咨询；827 人（336 名男性，中位年龄 22 岁）有儿童免疫记录。最常见的旅行目的是学习（33%）和旅游（24%）。最常见的目的地是亚洲（39%）。需要对任何麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎和水痘疫苗进行补种的有 755 人。咨询后，这些需要补种的参与者中有 20-46%至少接种了一剂疫苗。与麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎和水痘补种免疫呈负相关的因素是旅游（比值比 0.37 至 0.58）、黄热病疫苗接种（0.45 至 0.50）（不包括水痘）和每种疾病史（0.13 至 0.40）（不包括风疹和水痘）。需要进一步研究以确定补种免疫的障碍。
