Psychiatric Department, Jawar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Rainawari Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir 190003, India.
Grupo T.E.C. Armenia, Quindío, Republic of Colombia.
Encephale. 2022 Feb;48(1):78-82. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.06.011. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
Sociocultural factors in the aftermath of any pandemic can play a role in increasing suicidal behavior like suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts, or suicide. The authors discuss the risk and predisposing factors for suicidal ideation among mental health patients in four developing countries (Bangladesh, Colombia, India and Pakistan), this aims to grasp the heterogeneity of these motivators and to elaborate specific interventions regarding suicide in the COVID-19 pandemic.
We searched PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar through March, 2021 for articles using a combination of the keywords and generic terms for suicide, suicide ideation, COVID-19, developing countries, low-middle-income countries, Sociocultural factors, Suicidal behavior, predisposing factors and predictive factors, for articles in English language only, and without publication time restriction.
This narrative review summarizes the sociocultural risk and predisposing factors for suicidal behavior in developing countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal those factors such as fear of being infected, growing economic pressure, lack of resources due to lockdown are mostly responsible in the four countries for the current increase in suicides. There are a few cultural differences that are specified in the narrative.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health challenge, in which prevention and intervention of suicidal behavior have been suboptimal, especially in low-middle-income countries. Based on literature results, we provide practical suggestions (e.g., reducing infodemic, specialized helplines, improving mental health services availability) in order to tackle main challenges of suicide prevention, such as lack of adequate manpower, fragile health system and poverty.
任何大流行事件之后的社会文化因素都可能在增加自杀行为（如自杀意念、自杀企图或自杀）方面发挥作用。作者讨论了孟加拉国、哥伦比亚、印度和巴基斯坦等四个发展中国家（孟加拉国、哥伦比亚、印度和巴基斯坦）精神卫生患者出现自杀意念的风险和促成因素，旨在了解这些动机的异质性，并详细阐述针对 COVID-19 大流行期间自杀问题的具体干预措施。
我们仅检索英文文献，没有时间限制，通过 2021 年 3 月在 PubMed、Medline 和 Google Scholar 上搜索使用自杀、自杀意念、COVID-19、发展中国家、中低收入国家、社会文化因素、自杀行为、促成因素和预测因素等关键词和通用术语的组合的文章。
本叙述性综述总结了 COVID-19 大流行期间发展中国家自杀行为的社会文化风险和促成因素。研究结果表明，在这四个国家，对感染的恐惧、经济压力增大以及因封锁而导致的资源匮乏等因素是导致目前自杀人数增加的主要原因。文中还具体说明了一些文化差异。
COVID-19 大流行是一个公共卫生挑战，在这一大流行中，自杀行为的预防和干预效果不佳，特别是在中低收入国家。基于文献结果，我们提供了一些实用建议（例如，减少信息疫情、开设专门的求助热线、提高精神卫生服务的可及性），以应对预防自杀的主要挑战，如人力不足、脆弱的卫生系统和贫困问题。
