Dong Shilei, Chen Honghu, Zhou Qingxue, Liao Ningbo
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
Mol Biol Rep. 2021 Nov;48(11):7575-7585. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06744-9. Epub 2021 Oct 15.
Protein degradation systems play crucial roles in all the kingdoms of life. Their natural function is to eliminate proteins that are improperly synthesized, damaged, aggregated, or short-lived, ensuring the timely and accurate regulation of the response to abrupt environmental changes. Thus, proteolysis plays an important role in protein homeostasis, quality control, and the control of regulatory processes, such as adaptation and cell development. Except for the lysosome, ATPases Associated with various cellular Activities (AAA+) ATPase-protease complex is another major protein degradation system in the cell.
The AAA+ ATPase-protease complex is a giant energy-dependent protease complex found in almost all kinds of cells, including bacteria, archaea and eukarya. Based on sequence analysis of ClpQ (HslV) and 20S proteasome beta subunits, it was found that bacterial ClpQ possess multiple same highly conserved motifs with 20S proteasome beta subunits of archaea and eukaryote. In this review, we also discussed the structure and functional mechanism, protein degradation signals and pathogenic role of proteasome / Clp protease complex in prokaryotes.
Bacterial protein degradation systems play important roles in stress tolerance, protein quality control, DNA protection, transcription and pathogenicity of bacteria. But our current knowledge of the bacterial protease system is incomplete, and further research into the Clp protease complex and associated protein degradation signals will extend our understanding of the metabolism, physiology, reproduction, and pathogenicity of bacteria.
蛋白质降解系统在所有生命王国中都起着至关重要的作用。它们的天然功能是清除合成不当、受损、聚集或寿命短暂的蛋白质，确保对突然的环境变化做出及时准确的反应调节。因此，蛋白水解在蛋白质稳态、质量控制以及调节过程（如适应和细胞发育）的控制中发挥着重要作用。除了溶酶体，与各种细胞活动相关的ATP酶（AAA+）ATP酶 - 蛋白酶复合物是细胞中的另一个主要蛋白质降解系统。
AAA+ ATP酶 - 蛋白酶复合物是一种巨大的能量依赖性蛋白酶复合物，几乎存在于所有类型的细胞中，包括细菌、古细菌和真核生物。基于ClpQ（HslV）和20S蛋白酶体β亚基的序列分析，发现细菌ClpQ与古细菌和真核生物的20S蛋白酶体β亚基具有多个相同的高度保守基序。在这篇综述中，我们还讨论了原核生物中蛋白酶体/Clp蛋白酶复合物的结构和功能机制、蛋白质降解信号以及致病作用。
细菌蛋白质降解系统在细菌的应激耐受性、蛋白质质量控制、DNA保护、转录和致病性中发挥重要作用。但我们目前对细菌蛋白酶系统的了解并不完整，对Clp蛋白酶复合物及相关蛋白质降解信号的进一步研究将扩展我们对细菌代谢、生理、繁殖和致病性的理解。
