Becker Samuel H, Darwin K Heran
Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2016 Dec 14;81(1). doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00036-16. Print 2017 Mar.
Regulated proteolysis is essential for the normal physiology of all organisms. While all eukaryotes and archaea use proteasomes for protein degradation, only certain orders of bacteria have proteasomes, whose functions are likely as diverse as the species that use them. In this review, we discuss the most recent developments in the understanding of how proteins are targeted to proteasomes for degradation, including ATP-dependent and -independent mechanisms, and the roles of proteasome-dependent degradation in protein quality control and the regulation of cellular physiology. Furthermore, we explore newly established functions of proteasome system accessory factors that function independently of proteolysis.
受调控的蛋白质水解对于所有生物体的正常生理功能至关重要。虽然所有真核生物和古细菌都利用蛋白酶体进行蛋白质降解，但只有某些细菌目拥有蛋白酶体，其功能可能与使用它们的物种一样多样。在本综述中，我们讨论了在理解蛋白质如何靶向蛋白酶体进行降解方面的最新进展，包括依赖ATP和不依赖ATP的机制，以及蛋白酶体依赖性降解在蛋白质质量控制和细胞生理调节中的作用。此外，我们还探讨了蛋白酶体系统辅助因子独立于蛋白水解作用的新确立功能。
