College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Adv Immunol. 2021;151:99-133. doi: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.08.003. Epub 2021 Sep 14.
In some cases, antibodies can enhance virus entry and replication in cells. This phenomenon is called antibody-dependent infection enhancement (ADE). ADE not only promotes the virus to be recognized by the target cell and enters the target cell, but also affects the signal transmission in the target cell. Early formalin-inactivated virus vaccines such as aluminum adjuvants (RSV and measles) have been shown to induce ADE. Although there is no direct evidence that there is ADE in COVID-19, this potential risk is a huge challenge for prevention and vaccine development. This article focuses on the virus-induced ADE phenomenon and its molecular mechanism. It also summarizes various attempts in vaccine research and development to eliminate the ADE phenomenon, and proposes to avoid ADE in vaccine development from the perspective of antigens and adjuvants.
在某些情况下，抗体可以增强病毒在细胞中的进入和复制。这种现象称为抗体依赖性感染增强（ADE）。ADE 不仅促进了病毒被靶细胞识别并进入靶细胞，还影响了靶细胞中的信号转导。已证明早期的福尔马林灭活病毒疫苗（如铝佐剂（RSV 和麻疹））会引起 ADE。尽管没有直接证据表明 COVID-19 中存在 ADE，但这种潜在风险对预防和疫苗开发来说是一个巨大的挑战。本文重点介绍了病毒诱导的 ADE 现象及其分子机制。它还总结了疫苗研发中消除 ADE 现象的各种尝试，并从抗原和佐剂的角度提出了在疫苗开发中避免 ADE 的建议。
