Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2021 Nov 1;99(11). doi: 10.1093/jas/skab292.
The objective of this study was to determine the interactive effects of dietary fiber solubility and lipid source on growth performance, visceral organ weights, gut histology, and gut microbiota composition of weaned pigs. A total of 280 nursery pigs [initial body weight (BW) = 6.84 kg] weaned at 21 d were housed in 40 pens (7 pigs/pen). The pigs were fed four diets (10 pens/diet) in a randomized complete block design in two phases: Phase 1 from 0 to 2 wk and Phase 2 from 2 to 5 wk. The diets were corn-soybean meal-based with either sugar beet pulp (SBP) or soybean hulls (SBH) as a fiber source and either soybean oil (SBO) or choice white grease (CWG) as a lipid source in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The BW and feed intake were determined by phase, whereas visceral organ weights, intestinal histology, and gut microbial composition were determined at the end of the trial. Dietary fiber solubility and lipid source did not interact (P > 0.05) on average daily feed intake and average daily gain across all phases. However, the gain to feed ratio (G:F) for CWG-containing diets was lower (P < 0.05) than that for SBO-containing diets for Phase 1. Also, G:F for SBP-containing diets was lower (P < 0.05) than that for SBH-containing diets for Phase 1 and for the entire study period. Pigs fed SBP-containing diets had greater (P < 0.05) stomach weight, and tended to have greater (P < 0.10) small and large intestine weights relative to BW than those fed SBH-containing diets. Duodenal villous height to crypt depth ratio for CWG-based diets tended to be greater (P = 0.09) than that for SBO-based diets. Fiber solubility and lipid source interacted (P < 0.05) on relative abundance of Bacteroides in the colon such that the relative abundance of the Bacteroides for CWG was greater (P < 0.05) than that for the SBO in SBP-based diet, but not in SBH-based diet. Relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in the colon for SBH-based diet was greater (P < 0.05) than that for SBP-based diet. In conclusion, inclusion of SBH instead of SBP in corn-soybean meal-based diets for weaned pigs can result in increased feed efficiency and relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in the colon, which is associated with improved gut health. Also, inclusion of SBO instead of CWG in the diets for weaned pigs can result in improved feed efficiency during Phase 1 feeding; however, the pigs may recover from the low feed efficiency induced by dietary inclusion of CWG instead of SBO after Phase 1 feeding.
本研究旨在确定膳食纤维溶解度和脂质来源对断奶仔猪生长性能、内脏器官重量、肠道组织学和肠道微生物组成的交互影响。将 280 头[初始体重（BW）=6.84kg]21 日龄断奶的仔猪饲养在 40 个围栏（每栏 7 头）中。采用随机完全区组设计，在两个阶段饲喂四种日粮（每栏 10 种日粮）：第 1 阶段从 0 至 2 周龄，第 2 阶段从 2 至 5 周龄。日粮以玉米-豆粕为基础，以糖甜菜浆（SBP）或大豆皮（SBH）为纤维源，以大豆油（SBO）或选择白色油脂（CWG）为脂质源，采用 2×2 因子排列。通过阶段确定 BW 和采食量，通过试验结束时确定内脏器官重量、肠道组织学和肠道微生物组成。膳食纤维溶解度和脂质源在所有阶段的平均日采食量和平均日增重上均无交互作用（P＞0.05）。然而，CWG 日粮的增重与采食量比（G：F）低于 SBO 日粮（P＜0.05），第 1 阶段。此外，SBP 日粮的 G：F 低于 SBH 日粮（P＜0.05），第 1 阶段和整个研究期间。与 SBH 日粮相比，饲喂 SBP 日粮的猪胃重更大（P＜0.05），且相对于 BW，十二指肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值有更大的趋势（P＜0.10）。基于 CWG 的日粮的十二指肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值趋于高于基于 SBO 的日粮（P=0.09）。膳食纤维溶解度和脂质源在结肠中的拟杆菌属相对丰度上存在交互作用（P＜0.05），即 CWG 中的拟杆菌属相对丰度高于 SBO（P＜0.05），但在 SBH 日粮中则不然。基于 SBH 的日粮中结肠中的丁酸球菌属相对丰度大于基于 SBP 的日粮（P＜0.05）。总之，在断奶仔猪的玉米-豆粕基础日粮中添加 SBH 而不是 SBP 可提高饲料效率和结肠中丁酸球菌的相对丰度，从而改善肠道健康。此外，在断奶仔猪的日粮中添加 SBO 而不是 CWG 可在第 1 阶段喂养时提高饲料效率；然而，在第 1 阶段喂养后，仔猪可能会从 CWG 替代 SBO 引起的低饲料效率中恢复过来。
