Han Rui, Yong Feng, Fang Xin, Zhang Chun, Yang Haitian, Che Dongsheng, Jiang Hailong
College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Security, Changchun 130118, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Nov 25;14(23):3393. doi: 10.3390/ani14233393.
This study aimed to explore the effects of dietary fiber level and breed on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology, slaughter performance, and meat quality of finishing pigs using fermented corn straw (FCS) as the fiber source. The experiment employed a 2 × 4 factorial design, selecting 96 Songliao Black (SLB) and Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) crossbred finishing pigs (a total of 192 pigs, with an initial body weight of 60.52 ± 4.59 kg) randomly assigned by breed to four dietary treatment groups (A: 2.92% crude fiber; B: 4.82% crude fiber; C: 6.86% crude fiber; D: 9.01% crude fiber). The results showed that DLY finishing pigs had higher final weight (FW), average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in both finishing stages 1 and 2 compared to SLB pigs ( < 0.05), while the ratio of feed to weight gain (F/G) showed no significant differences ( > 0.05). Compared to the basal diet, increasing the dietary fiber level to 4.82% improved FW and ADG in both SLB and DLY finishing pigs ( < 0.05) and reduced F/G ( < 0.05). Additionally, SLB finishing pigs had lower ether extract (EE) digestibility but higher crude fiber (CF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility than DLY ( < 0.05). Dietary fiber level and breed exhibited an interaction effect on dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) digestibility in finishing pigs ( < 0.05). At a dietary fiber level of 4.82%, villus height, crypt depth in the jejunum, and cecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were increased in both SLB and DLY finishing pigs ( < 0.05). Dietary fiber level and breed showed an interaction effect on cecal VFA production in finishing pigs (finishing stage 1; < 0.05). The dietary fiber level of 4.82% increased loin eye area (LA) ( < 0.05) and decreased backfat thickness (BT) ( < 0.05) in both SLB and DLY finishing pigs. Dietary fiber level and breed had an interaction effect on LA in finishing pigs ( < 0.05). SLB pigs had higher muscle redness (a*), shear force, and contents of crude protein (CP), EE, saturated fatty acid (SFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than DLY ( < 0.05). Increasing the dietary fiber level improved pH and reduced drip loss and shear force in both SLB and DLY finishing pigs ( < 0.05). Dietary fiber level and breed showed an interaction effect on pig meat color and drip loss ( < 0.05). In conclusion, FCS is a beneficial source of dietary fiber for SLB and DLY pigs. Its proper addition can enhance the growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in fattening pigs.
本研究旨在探讨以发酵玉米秸秆（FCS）为纤维来源时，膳食纤维水平和品种对育肥猪生长性能、养分利用率、肠道形态、屠宰性能和肉质的影响。试验采用2×4析因设计，选取96头松辽黑猪（SLB）和杜洛克×长白×大白（DLY）杂交育肥猪（共192头，初始体重60.52±4.59 kg），按品种随机分为四个日粮处理组（A：粗纤维2.92%；B：粗纤维4.82%；C：粗纤维6.86%；D：粗纤维9.01%）。结果表明，与SLB猪相比，DLY育肥猪在育肥阶段1和2的末重（FW）、平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）均更高（P<0.05），而料重比（F/G）无显著差异（P>0.05）。与基础日粮相比，将日粮纤维水平提高到4.82%可提高SLB和DLY育肥猪的FW和ADG（P<0.05），并降低F/G（P<0.05）。此外，SLB育肥猪的粗脂肪（EE）消化率较低，但粗纤维（CF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）消化率高于DLY（P<0.05）。膳食纤维水平和品种对育肥猪干物质（DM）和粗蛋白（CP）消化率存在交互作用（P<0.05）。在膳食纤维水平为4.82%时，SLB和DLY育肥猪空肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度和盲肠挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）浓度均升高（P<0.05）。膳食纤维水平和品种对育肥猪盲肠VFA产生存在交互作用（育肥阶段1；P<0.05）。膳食纤维水平4.82%可增加SLB和DLY育肥猪的眼肌面积（LA）（P<0.05），并降低背膘厚（BT）（P<0.05）。膳食纤维水平和品种对育肥猪LA存在交互作用（P<0.05）。SLB猪的肌肉红度（a*）、剪切力以及粗蛋白（CP）、EE、饱和脂肪酸（SFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量均高于DLY（P<0.05）。提高日粮纤维水平可改善SLB和DLY育肥猪肉的pH值，降低滴水损失和剪切力（P<0.05）。膳食纤维水平和品种对猪肉颜色和滴水损失存在交互作用（P<0.05）。总之，FCS是SLB和DLY猪有益的膳食纤维来源。适当添加可提高育肥猪的生长性能、胴体性状和肉质。
