是时候换油了：多不饱和脂肪酸与人类健康。
It Is Time for an Oil Change: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Human Health.
机构信息
Medical student at Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine (KCU-COM).
Research Associate at KCU-COM.
出版信息
Mo Med. 2021 Sep-Oct;118(5):426-430.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaneoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA), play a critical role in a variety of neuronal functions, including facilitating neuronal growth and differentiation, increasing the density of the neuritic network, modulating cell membrane fluidity, regulating intracellular signaling and gene expression, and exhibiting antioxidant characteristics. Dietary DHA is selectively enriched and actively retained in the central nervous system, mainly in synaptic membranes, dendrites, and photoreceptors. In this review, we highlight the myriad roles of PUFAs in brain function and human health. Diets rich in DHA are inversely proportional to cognitive decline and incidence of neurodegenerative disorders. Conversely, diets deficient in DHA impair the proper development of brain and the visual system in children and increase risk of brain disorders in the elderly. Finally, DHA and EPA have been shown to reduce inflammation and may prove to be beneficial in reducing the severity of the SARS-COVID infection.
多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）如二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA），在多种神经元功能中发挥着关键作用，包括促进神经元生长和分化、增加神经突网络的密度、调节细胞膜流动性、调节细胞内信号转导和基因表达，以及表现出抗氧化特性。膳食 DHA 被选择性地富集并积极保留在中枢神经系统中，主要在突触膜、树突和光感受器中。在这篇综述中，我们强调了 PUFAs 在大脑功能和人类健康中的众多作用。富含 DHA 的饮食与认知能力下降和神经退行性疾病的发病率呈负相关。相反，饮食中缺乏 DHA 会损害儿童大脑和视觉系统的正常发育，并增加老年人患脑部疾病的风险。最后，DHA 和 EPA 已被证明具有抗炎作用，可能有助于减轻 SARS-COVID 感染的严重程度。
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