Verma Usha, Asopa Vishakha, Gupta Eshank, Gupta Ekta, Lal Parmeshwar, Prakash Prabhu
Department of Microbiology, Dr. S.N.M.C., Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Senior Resident, Orthodontics, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Aug;10(8):2775-2780. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_847_19. Epub 2021 Aug 27.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pregnant women has an important role in its spread to the pediatric population through vertical transmission. Effective utilization of Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission (PPTCT) services can reduce this spread. This study aims to determine the vertical transmission of HIV, the seroprevalence of HIV in antenatal women, demographic factors of seropositive women, and utilization of PPTCT services to minimize the risk of mother-to-child transmission.
This study was conducted to assess vertical transmission of HIV in the newborn of HIV pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) of a tertiary care hospital from August 2014 to December 2020. Pretest counseling, HIV testing, and posttest counseling were done as per National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) guidelines. Antiretroviral prophylaxis was given to seropositive women and their children. Analysis of demographic data of seropositive women and assessment of the utilization of PPTCT services were done according to available records.
In the study time, 139,619 new antenatal registrations were there, 68.21% of women attended pretest counseling and of them, 95.28% gave consent for HIV testing. Out of which, 0.14% were reported as HIV seropositive in PPTCT (tested according to NACO guidelines). In the study time, a total of 188 HIV-positive deliveries were conducted in our institute. Out of which, 144 (76.6%) were ANC-booked patients and 44 (23.4%) were unbooked patients and directly came in labor, deliveries were conducted according to NACO guidelines and all newborns were given nevirapine syrup. All newborns were followed up until 18 months and in study time, 78 dry blood samples (DBSs) were sent for DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection and all were reported negative by the reference laboratory at AIIMS, New Delhi.
Adherence to testing, treatment, and follow-up in the antenatal and postnatal period can minimize the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child.
孕妇感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）在其通过垂直传播将病毒传染给儿童群体的过程中起着重要作用。有效利用预防母婴传播（PPTCT）服务可减少这种传播。本研究旨在确定HIV的垂直传播情况、产前妇女中HIV的血清阳性率、血清阳性妇女的人口统计学因素以及PPTCT服务的利用情况，以尽量降低母婴传播风险。
本研究旨在评估2014年8月至2020年12月期间在一家三级护理医院产前诊所就诊的HIV感染孕妇所生新生儿中的HIV垂直传播情况。按照国家艾滋病控制组织（NACO）的指导方针进行检测前咨询、HIV检测和检测后咨询。对血清阳性妇女及其子女给予抗逆转录病毒预防治疗。根据现有记录对血清阳性妇女的人口统计学数据进行分析，并评估PPTCT服务的利用情况。
在研究期间，有139,619例新的产前登记，68.21%的妇女接受了检测前咨询，其中95.28%同意进行HIV检测。其中，在PPTCT中报告0.14%为HIV血清阳性（根据NACO指导方针进行检测）。在研究期间，我院共进行了188例HIV阳性分娩。其中，144例（76.6%）为产前诊所登记患者，44例（23.4%）为未登记患者，直接前来分娩，分娩按照NACO指导方针进行，所有新生儿均给予奈韦拉平糖浆。所有新生儿均随访至18个月，在研究期间，78份干血样本（DBS）被送去进行DNA聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测，新德里全印医学科学研究所（AIIMS）的参考实验室报告所有样本均为阴性。
在产前和产后坚持进行检测、治疗和随访可将HIV母婴传播风险降至最低。
