Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Neurosurgery, Microsurgical Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2021 Nov 15;21(6):E488-E493. doi: 10.1093/ons/opab355.
Human cadavers are an essential component of anatomy education. However, access to cadaveric specimens and laboratory facilities is limited in most parts of the world. Hence, new innovative approaches and accessible technologies are much needed to enhance anatomy training.
To provide a practical method for 3-dimensional (3D) visualization of cadaveric specimens to maximize the utility of these precious educational materials.
Embalmed cadaveric specimens (cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum) were used. The 3D models of cadaveric specimens were built by merging multiple 2-dimensional photographs. Pictures were taken with standard mobile devices (smartphone and tablet). A photogrammetry program (Qlone®, 2017-2020, EyeCue Vision Technologies Ltd, Yokneam, Israel), an all-in-one 3D scanning and augmented reality technology, was then used to convert the images into an integrated 3D model.
High-resolution 360-degree 3D models of the cadaveric specimens were obtained. These models could be rotated and moved freely on different planes, and viewed from different angles with varying magnifications. Advanced editing options and the possibility for export to virtual- or augmented-reality simulation allowed for better visualization.
This inexpensive, simple, and accessible method for creating 360-degree 3D cadaveric models can enhance training in neuroanatomy and allow for a highly realistic surgical simulation environment for neurosurgeons worldwide.
人体解剖标本是解剖学教育的重要组成部分。然而，在世界上的大多数地区，获取人体标本和实验室设施的机会都很有限。因此，需要新的创新方法和可访问的技术来加强解剖学培训。
提供一种实用的方法来对人体解剖标本进行 3 维（3D）可视化，以最大限度地利用这些宝贵的教育材料。
使用经过防腐处理的人体标本（大脑、脑干和小脑）。通过合并多个二维照片来构建人体标本的 3D 模型。使用标准的移动设备（智能手机和平板电脑）拍摄照片。然后使用摄影测量程序（Qlone®，2017-2020，EyeCue Vision Technologies Ltd，以色列 Yokneam）将图像转换为集成的 3D 模型。该程序是一种集 3D 扫描和增强现实技术于一体的技术。
获得了人体标本的高分辨率 360 度 3D 模型。这些模型可以在不同的平面上自由旋转和移动，并可以从不同的角度以不同的放大倍数进行观察。高级编辑选项和导出到虚拟现实或增强现实模拟的可能性允许更好的可视化。
这种创建 360 度 3D 人体模型的简单、经济且易于获取的方法可以增强神经解剖学的培训，并为世界各地的神经外科医生提供高度逼真的手术模拟环境。
