Sorbonne Université, UMRS1135, Paris, France.
INSERM U1135, Paris, France.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1329:51-68. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_3.
The different forms of lymphoid organization that coexist in our bodies appeared at distinct time points during the evolution of the animal kingdom. Some of these forms are constitutive, either in fully dedicated organs, such as lymph nodes, or in tissue interfacing with the external environment, such as mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues. Others, known as tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), are selectively induced in response to inflammation in any peripheral tissues and organs. In this chapter, we discuss the functional interest of each of these lymphoid organizations under different physiopathological conditions. In the context of cancer, recent findings have identified TLS formation as a hallmark of active T- and B-cell immune responses against tumors. TLS are thus a powerful prognostic factor in nearly all solid cancers, which must be taken into account along with the tumor microenvironment. The presence of TLS also predicts the response to immunotherapy including immune checkpoint blockade. With tumor-associated TLS now a key target for the next generation of immunotherapy, this chapter discusses their potential therapeutic manipulations in oncology.
在动物王国的进化过程中，我们体内共存的不同形式的淋巴组织出现在不同的时间点。其中一些形式是组成性的，要么存在于完全专门的器官中，如淋巴结，要么存在于与外部环境相互作用的组织中，如黏膜相关淋巴组织。另一些则被称为三级淋巴结构 (TLS)，是在任何外周组织和器官发生炎症时选择性诱导产生的。在本章中，我们将讨论在不同生理病理条件下，每种淋巴组织的功能意义。在癌症方面，最近的发现表明 TLS 的形成是针对肿瘤的 T 细胞和 B 细胞免疫反应活跃的标志。因此，TLS 是几乎所有实体瘤的强有力的预后因素，必须与肿瘤微环境一起考虑。TLS 的存在也预测了对免疫治疗的反应，包括免疫检查点阻断。由于肿瘤相关的 TLS 现在成为下一代免疫治疗的一个关键靶点，本章讨论了它们在肿瘤学中的潜在治疗干预措施。
