University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Child Dev. 2022 Mar;93(2):437-450. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13692. Epub 2021 Oct 18.
Strategic collaboration according to the law of comparative advantage involves dividing tasks based on the relative capabilities of group members. Three experiments (N = 405, primarily White and Asian, 45% female, collected 2016-2019 in Canada) examined how this strategy develops in children when dividing cognitive labor. Children divided questions about numbers between two partners. By 7 years, children allocated difficult questions to the skilled partner (Experiment 1, d = 1.42; Experiment 2, d = 0.87). However, younger children demonstrated a self-serving bias, choosing the easiest questions for themselves. Only when engaging in a third-party collaborative task did 5-year-olds assign harder questions to the more skilled individual (Experiment 3, d = 0.55). These findings demonstrate early understanding of strategic collaboration subject to a self-serving bias.
根据比较优势定律的战略协作涉及根据团队成员的相对能力分配任务。三个实验（N=405，主要为白人和亚洲人，女性占 45%，2016 年至 2019 年在加拿大收集）检验了这种策略在儿童分配认知劳动时是如何发展的。孩子们将关于数字的问题分配给两个合作伙伴。到 7 岁时，孩子们将难题分配给技能熟练的伙伴（实验 1，d=1.42；实验 2，d=0.87）。然而，年幼的孩子表现出自利偏见，选择最简单的问题留给自己。只有在参与第三方合作任务时，5 岁的孩子才会将更难的问题分配给技能更高的个体（实验 3，d=0.55）。这些发现表明，儿童早期就已经理解了受到自利偏见影响的战略协作。
