Benajiba Nada, Dodge Elizabeth, Khaled Meghit Boumédiène, Chavarria Enmanuel A, Sammartino Cara J, Aboul-Enein Basil H
Department of Health Basic Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
College of Graduate & Professional Studies, University of New England, Portland, Maine, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2022 May 9;80(6):1419-1433. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab076.
Over the past 2 decades, overweight and obesity rates have increased exponentially, along with related comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. The Mediterranean Diet (MDiet) has been suggested as a potential way to mitigate the health burdens related to overweight and obesity.
For this review, the literature on MDiet-focused digital interventions was examined to determine efficacy, best practices, and potential limitations.
The search was conducted across 15 databases for relevant publications published through April 2020 in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, or Italian.
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed using a combination of keywords and phrases and evaluated independently for relevance, merit, and inclusion and exclusion criteria.
The systematic literature review resulted in 15 articles that met the search criteria. Ten interventions were delivered online, and 5 were delivered via smartphone using an app. The majority of online MDiet-focused interventions were effective, particularly when modeled after evidence-based and best-practice online nutrition education interventions. Such interventions also are effective for promoting positive health behaviors and health outcomes, such as increased physical activity, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a lower total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio.
Technology-based interventions to educate and promote adherence to the MDiet are successful in helping individuals achieve the stated outcomes. More research is needed to determine the efficacy of MDiet interventions delivered via smartphone apps.
在过去20年中，超重和肥胖率呈指数级增长，同时出现了包括2型糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病和某些癌症在内的相关合并症。地中海饮食（MDiet）被认为是减轻与超重和肥胖相关的健康负担的一种潜在方法。
在本次综述中，对以MDiet为重点的数字干预措施的文献进行了研究，以确定其疗效、最佳实践和潜在局限性。
在15个数据库中进行检索，查找截至2020年4月以英文、法文、西班牙文、阿拉伯文或意大利文发表的相关出版物。
遵循系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目指南，使用关键词和短语组合，并独立评估其相关性、价值以及纳入和排除标准。
系统文献综述得出15篇符合检索标准的文章。其中10项干预措施是在线提供的，5项是通过智能手机应用程序提供的。大多数以MDiet为重点的在线干预措施是有效的，特别是在以循证和最佳实践的在线营养教育干预措施为蓝本时。此类干预措施对于促进积极的健康行为和健康结果也很有效，例如增加身体活动、提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平以及降低总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比率。
基于技术的干预措施，用于教育和促进对MDiet的依从性，在帮助个人实现既定结果方面是成功的。需要更多研究来确定通过智能手机应用程序提供的MDiet干预措施的疗效。
