Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de las Patologías Tropicales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia.
Biomedica. 2021 Oct 15;41(Sp. 2):153-164. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.5992.
HIV infection is still a public health problem worldwide and co-infections with other infectious agents including intestinal parasites are of particular concern, mainly in developing countries like Colombia.
To conduct a cross-sectional study in patients attending an HIV care program in Antioquia given that there have been few intestinal parasites prevalence studies among the HIV population in the country.
We evaluated stool samples from 192 patients by direct wet mount and concentration, modified Ziehl Neelsen staining, and agar plate culture. Univariate and correlation analyses were done to explore the association between socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and parasitological data.
The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites in HIV-positive subjects was 29.2% (56/192; 95% CI: 22.8% - 35.6%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkosvkii with 13.0% (25/192; 95% CI: 8.2% - 17.8%) and Blastocystis with 12.0% (23/192; 95% CI: 7.4% - 16.6%) were the most frequent. Opportunistic parasites like Cryptosporidium spp. and Cystoisospora belli were less prevalent, each one with 0.5% of positive samples (1/192; 95% CI: 0.1% - 1.5%). Commensal protozoa were also detected with a prevalence of 18.8% (36/192; 95% CI: 13.3% - 24.3%). Most of the individuals in the study had a controlled viral load and an LTCD4 count greater than 200 cel/μL. A small percentage (9.3%) had diarrhea. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression showed that only age and having pets had a significant association with intestinal parasites in this cohort.
Our results confirmed that the evaluated population is at high risk of intestinal parasite infection, which highlights the need for routine screening of gastrointestinal parasites to provide prompt treatment and reduce possible complications.
HIV 感染仍然是全球公共卫生问题，与其他传染性病原体（包括肠道寄生虫）的合并感染尤其受到关注，特别是在像哥伦比亚这样的发展中国家。
在安蒂奥基亚省开展一项 HIV 护理项目的患者的横断面研究，因为在该国的 HIV 人群中，很少有关于肠道寄生虫流行率的研究。
我们评估了 192 名患者的粪便样本，采用直接湿片镜检和浓缩法、改良齐尔-尼尔森染色法和琼脂平板培养法。进行单变量和相关性分析，以探讨社会人口统计学和临床特征与寄生虫数据之间的关联。
HIV 阳性患者的肠道寄生虫总流行率为 29.2%（56/192；95%置信区间：22.8% - 35.6%）。溶组织内阿米巴/迪斯帕/莫什科夫斯基（13.0%，25/192；95%置信区间：8.2% - 17.8%）和芽囊原虫（12.0%，23/192；95%置信区间：7.4% - 16.6%）最为常见。机会性寄生虫如隐孢子虫和等孢球虫的流行率较低，每个样本阳性率为 0.5%（1/192；95%置信区间：0.1% - 1.5%）。共生原生动物的流行率也为 18.8%（36/192；95%置信区间：13.3% - 24.3%）。研究中的大多数个体病毒载量得到了控制，CD4 淋巴细胞计数大于 200 个/μL。一小部分（9.3%）有腹泻症状。二变量分析和多变量逻辑回归显示，只有年龄和养宠物与该队列中的肠道寄生虫感染有显著关联。
我们的结果证实，评估人群感染肠道寄生虫的风险较高，这凸显了常规筛查胃肠道寄生虫的必要性，以提供及时治疗并减少可能的并发症。
