Abayneh Mengistu, Habtemariam Yosef, Duguma Tadesse, Abera Mitiku
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia.
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia.
Front Public Health. 2024 Nov 27;12:1451757. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1451757. eCollection 2024.
Intestinal parasitic infections remain very common, particularly in areas with a high prevalence of immune-compromised patients, such as HIV/AIDS patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors in people living with HIV/AIDS at an ART clinic in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, southwest Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to September 2021. A total of 191 adult people living with HIV/AIDS participated in this study. Data on socio-demographic, clinical, and other risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and processed using a direct wet mount, formol-ether concentration, and modified Ziehl-Nelson staining techniques. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 25 software.
Among 67 adult individuals living with HIV/AIDS, the prevalence of intestinal parasites was 35.1%. Specifically, 31.5% (45/143) of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 45.8% (22/48) of ART-naïve patients were infected. The distribution of intestinal parasites was as follows: protozoa were found in 14.7% of ART-treated patients and 22.9% of ART-naïve patients; helminths in 15.4% of ART-treated patients and 16.7% of ART-naïve patients; and opportunistic parasites in 1.4% of ART-treated patients and 6.25% of ART-naïve patients. Significant associations with a higher prevalence of intestinal parasites were observed for a CD4 count <200 cells/mm (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 3.77; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.01-13.15; = 0.04), consumption of unwashed raw vegetables (AOR = 3.29; 95% CI: 1.23-8.86; = 0.02), and residing in rural areas (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.27-4.32; = 0.01).
The findings indicate that a significant proportion of adults living with HIV/AIDS are affected by intestinal parasites, with a notably higher prevalence among ART-naïve patients compared to those on ART. Factors such as a low CD4 count, consumption of unwashed raw vegetables, and rural residence are associated with increased risk of intestinal parasite infections. These results underscore the importance of improving hygiene practices and access to healthcare, particularly in rural areas, to reduce the burden of parasitic infections among individuals living with HIV/AIDS.
肠道寄生虫感染仍然非常普遍，尤其是在免疫功能低下患者（如艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者）高发的地区。本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚西南部米赞-泰皮大学教学医院抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）诊所中艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者肠道寄生虫的患病率及相关因素。
于2021年7月至9月进行了一项横断面调查。共有191名成年艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者参与了本研究。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口统计学、临床和其他风险因素的数据。收集粪便样本并采用直接湿涂片法、甲醛-乙醚浓缩法和改良齐尔-尼尔森染色技术进行处理。使用社会科学统计软件包第25版软件对数据进行分析。
在67名成年艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者中，肠道寄生虫的患病率为35.1%。具体而言，接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）的患者中有31.5%（45/143）感染，未接受ART治疗的患者中有45.8%（22/48）感染。肠道寄生虫的分布如下：接受ART治疗的患者中有14.7%发现原生动物，未接受ART治疗的患者中有22.9%发现原生动物；接受ART治疗的患者中有15.4%发现蠕虫，未接受ART治疗的患者中有16.7%发现蠕虫；接受ART治疗的患者中有1.4%发现机会性寄生虫，未接受ART治疗的患者中有6.25%发现机会性寄生虫。观察到CD4细胞计数<200个/mm（调整优势比[AOR]=3.77；95%置信区间[CI]：1.01-13.15；P=0.04）、食用未清洗的生蔬菜（AOR=3.29；95%CI：1.23-8.86；P=0.02）以及居住在农村地区（AOR=2.34；95%CI：1.27-4.32；P=0.01）与肠道寄生虫患病率较高存在显著关联。
研究结果表明，相当一部分成年艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者受到肠道寄生虫的影响，与接受ART治疗的患者相比，未接受ART治疗的患者患病率明显更高。CD4细胞计数低、食用未清洗的生蔬菜和居住在农村地区等因素与肠道寄生虫感染风险增加有关。这些结果强调了改善卫生习惯和获得医疗保健的重要性，特别是在农村地区，以减轻艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者寄生虫感染的负担。
