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HIV-1 包膜三聚体的聚糖孔区域显著促进了自体中和抗体的诱导。

The Glycan Hole Area of HIV-1 Envelope Trimers Contributes Prominently to the Induction of Autologous Neutralization.

机构信息

Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&AII), Amsterdam UMC, Location Meibergdreef, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.

出版信息

J Virol. 2022 Jan 12;96(1):e0155221. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01552-21. Epub 2021 Oct 20.

Abstract

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) is heavily glycosylated, creating a dense glycan shield that protects the underlying peptidic surface from antibody recognition. The absence of conserved glycans, due to missing potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGS), can result in strain-specific, autologous neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses. Here, we sought to gain a deeper understanding of the autologous neutralization by introducing holes in the otherwise dense glycan shields of the AMC011 and AMC016 SOSIP trimers. Specifically, when we knocked out the N130 and N289 glycans, which are absent from the well-characterized B41 SOSIP trimer, we observed stronger autologous NAb responses. We also analyzed the highly variable NAb responses induced in rabbits by diverse SOSIP trimers from subtypes A, B, and C. Statistical analysis, using linear regression, revealed that the cumulative area exposed on a trimer by glycan holes correlates with the magnitude of the autologous NAb response. Forty years after the first description of HIV-1, the search for a protective vaccine is still ongoing. The sole target for antibodies that can neutralize the virus are the trimeric envelope glycoproteins (Envs) located on the viral surface. The glycoprotein surface is covered with glycans that shield off the underlying protein components from recognition by the immune system. However, the Env trimers of some viral strains have holes in the glycan shield. Immunized animals developed antibodies against such glycan holes. These antibodies are generally strain specific. Here, we sought to gain a deeper understanding of what drives these specific immune responses. First, we show that strain-specific neutralizing antibody responses can be increased by creating artificial holes in the glycan shield. Second, when studying a diverse set of Env trimers with different characteristics, we found that the surface area of the glycan holes contributes prominently to the induction of strain-specific neutralizing antibodies.

摘要

人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型(HIV-1)三聚体包膜糖蛋白(Env)高度糖基化,形成密集的聚糖屏蔽,保护底层肽表面免受抗体识别。由于缺少潜在的 N 连接糖基化位点(PNGS),缺乏保守的聚糖,会导致株特异性、自体中和抗体(NAb)反应。在这里,我们试图通过在其他情况下密集的聚糖屏蔽中引入 AMC011 和 AMC016 SOSIP 三聚体的孔来更深入地了解自体中和作用。具体来说,当我们敲除不存在于经过充分表征的 B41 SOSIP 三聚体中的 N130 和 N289 聚糖时,我们观察到更强的自体 NAb 反应。我们还分析了来自 A、B 和 C 亚型的不同 SOSIP 三聚体在兔子中诱导的高度可变的 NAb 反应。使用线性回归的统计分析表明,聚糖孔暴露在三聚体上的累积面积与自体 NAb 反应的幅度相关。HIV-1 首次描述 40 年后,寻找保护性疫苗的工作仍在继续。能够中和病毒的抗体的唯一靶标是位于病毒表面的三聚体包膜糖蛋白(Envs)。糖蛋白表面覆盖着聚糖,使免疫系统无法识别下面的蛋白质成分。然而,一些病毒株的 Env 三聚体的聚糖屏蔽上有孔。免疫的动物针对这种聚糖孔产生了抗体。这些抗体通常是株特异性的。在这里,我们试图更深入地了解是什么驱动了这些特异性免疫反应。首先,我们表明通过在聚糖屏蔽中创建人工孔可以增加株特异性中和抗体反应。其次,当研究具有不同特征的不同 Env 三聚体时,我们发现聚糖孔的表面积对诱导株特异性中和抗体的贡献很大。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bf27/8754230/325441064b1e/jvi.01552-21-f001.jpg

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