Matsuo K, Uete T
Jpn J Antibiot. 1986 Aug;39(8):1981-7.
Some of new cephem antibiotics, particularly the so called the third generation cephalosporins, are reported to be potent inducers of beta-lactamases and to be responsible for developing microbial cross-resistance to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics and occasionally to the aminoglycosides (Sanders and Sanders, 1983). In Japan, third generation cephalosporins such as cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftizoxime, and latamoxef became available in 1981, and cefmenoxime in 1982. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate changes, if any, in the antimicrobial activity of cefotiam (CTM) against various Gram-positive and negative bacteria, particularly to determine whether its antimicrobial activity has been reduced since 1982. Susceptibilities of clinical isolates of S. aureus (1,776 strains), S. epidermidis (2,247), S. pneumoniae (160), S. pyogenes (108), E. faecalis (1,930), E. coli (2,024), K. pneumoniae (1,913), Proteus spp. (950), E. aerogenes (823), Serratia marcescens (1,160), Citrobacter spp. (303), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2,824), and H. influenzae (396) to CTM were studied. It was found that susceptibilities of these clinical isolates to CTM were not altered from 1981 to 1985, except S. marcescens. In 1985, susceptible strains of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and E. faecalis were 93.8, 93.4, 100, 100 and 0%, respectively. Those of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Proteus spp., H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens, E. aerogenes and Citrobacter spp. were 97.9, 97.7, 89.4, 94, 0, 10.8, 45.9 and 74.5%, respectively. The rate of susceptible strains of S. marcescens decreased from 34.7 to 10.8% since 1981 to 1985.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
据报道，一些新型头孢菌素抗生素，特别是所谓的第三代头孢菌素，是β-内酰胺酶的强效诱导剂，会导致微生物对多种β-内酰胺抗生素产生交叉耐药性，偶尔也会对氨基糖苷类抗生素产生交叉耐药性（桑德斯和桑德斯，1983年）。在日本，第三代头孢菌素如头孢噻肟、头孢哌酮、头孢唑肟和拉氧头孢于1981年上市，头孢甲肟于1982年上市。因此，研究头孢替安（CTM）对各种革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌的抗菌活性是否发生变化（如果有变化的话），特别是确定自1982年以来其抗菌活性是否降低，是很有意义的。研究了金黄色葡萄球菌（1776株）、表皮葡萄球菌（2247株）、肺炎链球菌（160株）、化脓性链球菌（108株）、粪肠球菌（1930株）、大肠杆菌（2024株）、肺炎克雷伯菌（1913株）、变形杆菌属（950株）、产气肠杆菌（823株）、粘质沙雷氏菌（1160株）、柠檬酸杆菌属（303株）、铜绿假单胞菌（2824株）和流感嗜血杆菌（396株）临床分离株对CTM的敏感性。结果发现，除粘质沙雷氏菌外，这些临床分离株对CTM的敏感性在1981年至1985年间没有改变。1985年，金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、化脓性链球菌和粪肠球菌的敏感菌株分别为93.8%、93.4%、100%、100%和0%。大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、变形杆菌属、流感嗜血杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、粘质沙雷氏菌、产气肠杆菌和柠檬酸杆菌属的敏感菌株分别为97.9%、97.7%、89.4%、94%、0%、10.8%、45.9%和74.5%。自1981年至1985年，粘质沙雷氏菌的敏感菌株率从34.7%降至10.8%。（摘要截短为250字）
