Farooq Mariya, Batool Maria, Kim Moon Suk, Choi Sangdun
Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
S&K Therapeutics, Suwon, South Korea.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Oct 4;9:756315. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.756315. eCollection 2021.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors, which are activated by foreign and host molecules in order to initiate the immune response. They play a crucial role in the regulation of innate immunity, and several studies have shown their importance in bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. The consensus view from an immunological perspective is that TLR agonists can serve either as a possible therapeutic agent or as a vaccine adjuvant toward cancers or infectious diseases and that TLR inhibitors may be a promising approach to the treatment of autoimmune diseases, some cancers, bacterial, and viral infections. These notions are based on the fact that TLR agonists stimulate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and in general, the development of proinflammatory responses. Some of the TLR-based inhibitory agents have shown to be efficacious in preclinical models and have now entered clinical trials. Therefore, TLRs seem to hold the potential to serve as a perfect target in the era of immunotherapies. We offer a perspective on TLR-based therapeutics that sheds light on their usefulness and on combination therapies. We also highlight various therapeutics that are in the discovery phase or in clinical trials.
Toll样受体（TLRs）是模式识别受体，可被外来分子和宿主分子激活以启动免疫反应。它们在先天免疫调节中起关键作用，多项研究表明它们在细菌、病毒和真菌感染、自身免疫性疾病及癌症中具有重要性。从免疫学角度的共识观点是，TLR激动剂可作为针对癌症或传染病的潜在治疗剂或疫苗佐剂，而TLR抑制剂可能是治疗自身免疫性疾病、某些癌症、细菌和病毒感染的一种有前景的方法。这些观点基于这样一个事实，即TLR激动剂刺激促炎细胞因子的分泌，一般来说，促进促炎反应的发展。一些基于TLR的抑制剂已在临床前模型中显示出疗效，现已进入临床试验。因此，在免疫治疗时代，TLRs似乎有潜力成为一个完美的靶点。我们提供了一个基于TLR的治疗方法的观点，阐明了它们的有用性以及联合治疗。我们还强调了处于发现阶段或临床试验阶段的各种治疗方法。
