Satyanarayanan Senthil Kumaran, Yip Tsz Fung, Han Zixu, Zhu Huachen, Qin Dajiang, Lee Suki Man Yan
Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Mar 26;12:1458281. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1458281. eCollection 2025.
In the intricate realm of interactions between hosts and pathogens, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which play a crucial role in the innate immune response, possess the ability to identify specific molecular signatures. This includes components originating from pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, as well as the resulting damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), the endogenous molecules released after cellular damage. A developing perspective suggests that TLRs play a central role in neuroinflammation, a fundamental factor in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (PD). This comprehensive review consolidates current research investigating the potential interplay between TLRs, their signaling mechanisms, and the processes of neurodegeneration following SARS-CoV-2 infection with an aim to elucidate the involvement of TLRs in the long-term neurological complications of COVID-19 and explore the potential of targeting TLRs as a means of implementing intervention strategies for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19-associated long-term brain outcomes.
在宿主与病原体相互作用的复杂领域中，Toll样受体（TLR）在先天免疫反应中起关键作用，具有识别特定分子特征的能力。这包括源自病原体（如严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2，SARS-CoV-2）的成分，以及由此产生的损伤相关分子模式（DAMP），即细胞损伤后释放的内源性分子。一种发展中的观点认为，TLR在神经炎症中起核心作用，而神经炎症是阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病（PD）等神经退行性疾病的一个基本因素。这篇综述综合了当前的研究，调查了TLR、其信号传导机制以及SARS-CoV-2感染后神经退行性变过程之间的潜在相互作用，旨在阐明TLR在新冠病毒病（COVID-19）长期神经并发症中的作用，并探索以TLR为靶点作为实施预防或治疗COVID-19相关长期脑损伤干预策略的可能性。
