Assor Avi, Cohen Rinat, Ezra Ohad, Yu Shi
Educational Psychology Program, Department of Education, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
Front Psychol. 2021 Oct 5;12:635118. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635118. eCollection 2021.
Based on past theorizing and research, we posited that there are two kinds of specific experiences that contribute to the satisfaction of the general need for autonomy in emerging adults, as reflected in volitional, self-endorsed, actions. These experiences are: (1) feeling free, and (2) having a valid authentic inner compass (AIC). In the first study testing this hypothesis, college students in Israel ( = 163, mean age = 21.33), and in China ( = 72, mean age = 23.67) completed measures assessing experiences of freedom and having a valid AIC during contacts with mothers, extent of volitional contacts with mothers, and vitality during contacts with mothers. Confirmatory factor analyses and invariance analysis supported the validity of the measures, and their equivalence across cultures. In the Israeli sample, students also completed a measure assessing the extent to which the sense of having a valid AIC during contacts with one's mother is based on intrinsic aspirations and goals. As expected, across cultures, participants distinguished between experiences of (a) having a valid AIC, and (b) feeling free. The findings also suggest that experiences of freedom and of having a valid AIC during contacts with mothers are associated with extent of volitional contacts with mother, and subsequent vitality during these contacts. Also as expected, experiencing a valid AIC during contacts with mother was associated with volitional contacts with her and subsequent vitality - only when the AIC was based on intrinsic aspirations. The results suggest that in assessing people's sense of AIC, it is important to consider the content of the aspirations and goals on which this sense is based. The findings are consistent with the view that feeling free, and having a valid AIC are two specific autonomy experiences which promote a more global experience of need autonomy satisfaction, as indicated by feelings of volitional and self-endorsed action.
基于以往的理论和研究，我们假定，有两种特定经历有助于满足新兴成年人自主的普遍需求，这体现在意志性、自我认可的行动中。这些经历是：（1）感到自由，以及（2）拥有一个有效的真实内心指南针（AIC）。在第一项检验该假设的研究中，以色列（n = 163，平均年龄 = 21.33）和中国（n = 72，平均年龄 = 23.67）的大学生完成了相关测量，评估与母亲接触时的自由体验、拥有有效AIC的体验、与母亲意志性接触的程度以及与母亲接触时的活力。验证性因素分析和不变性分析支持了这些测量的有效性及其跨文化的等效性。在以色列样本中，学生们还完成了一项测量，评估与母亲接触时拥有有效AIC的感觉在多大程度上基于内在愿望和目标。正如预期的那样，在不同文化中，参与者区分了（a）拥有有效AIC的体验和（b）感到自由的体验。研究结果还表明，与母亲接触时的自由体验和拥有有效AIC的体验与与母亲意志性接触的程度以及随后这些接触中的活力相关。同样如预期的那样，只有当AIC基于内在愿望时，与母亲接触时体验到有效的AIC才与与她的意志性接触及随后的活力相关。结果表明，在评估人们的AIC感时，考虑这种感觉所基于的愿望和目标的内容很重要。这些发现与以下观点一致，即感到自由和拥有有效的AIC是两种特定的自主体验，它们促进了更全面的需求自主满足体验，如意志性和自我认可行动的感觉所表明的那样。
