Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology, P.B. 699, Khorramshahr, Iran.
Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine and Oceanic Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology, P.B. 699, Khorramshahr, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(12):17799-17810. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17028-x. Epub 2021 Oct 21.
Dust events impose negative socio-economic, health, and environmental impacts on vulnerable areas and reflect their sources' physiochemical and biological characteristics. This study aimed to assess the impact of two dust sources on the concentration and diversity of airborne fungi in one of the dustiest areas in the world. This study is the first attempt to investigate the relationship between dust sources fungal community and those in airborne dust. Also, the contribution of dust sources to airborne fungi was estimated. Air masses arriving at the study area were assessed using local wind rose and the HYSPLIT model. Sampling was carried out from airborne dust at the Arvand Free Zone as target areas and soil in the dried parts of the Hor al-Azim and Shadegan wetlands as source areas to explore the relationship between fungi in the dust sources and the downwind area. The samples were analyzed in the lab to extract DNA. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rDNA gene were amplified using the primers ITS1F and ITS4, and then PCR products were sent to the lab for sequencing. The raw DNA data were processed using the QIIME virtual box to pick operational taxonomic units and taxonomy assignments. The most common fungi at the genus level were in the order of Penicillium > Aspergillus > Alternaria > Fusarium > Paradendryphiella > Talaromyces. The similarity between air and soil fungal genera was investigated using richness and diversity indices, the phylogenetic tree, and principal component analysis. The results showed that the community structures of ambient fungi in the Hor al-Azim and Shadegan dust sources were more similar to those on dusty days than non-dusty days. The source tracker model was used to quantify the contributions of known dust sources to airborne fungi. The results showed that the main source of airborne fungi was Hor al-Azim on dusty and non-dusty days. This study's results can help managers identify and prioritize dust sources regarding fungal species.
沙尘事件对脆弱地区造成了负面的社会经济、健康和环境影响，反映了沙尘源的物理化学和生物学特征。本研究旨在评估两个沙尘源对世界上最尘暴地区之一空气中真菌浓度和多样性的影响。本研究首次尝试调查沙尘源真菌群落与空气中尘埃之间的关系。此外，还估计了沙尘源对空气中真菌的贡献。使用本地风向玫瑰图和 HYSPLIT 模型评估到达研究区域的气团。采样地点位于阿尔万德自由区的空气中尘埃和霍勒阿宰姆和沙德干湿地干燥部分的土壤作为源区，以探索尘埃源和下风区真菌之间的关系。将样品在实验室中进行分析以提取 DNA。使用引物 ITS1F 和 ITS4 扩增 rDNA 基因的内部转录间隔区（ITS），然后将 PCR 产物送到实验室进行测序。使用 QIIME 虚拟框处理原始 DNA 数据以挑选操作分类单位和分类分配。属水平最常见的真菌依次为青霉属 > 曲霉属 > 交链孢属 > 镰刀菌属 > 拟德干氏菌属 > 塔拉里奥米氏菌属。使用丰富度和多样性指数、系统发育树和主成分分析研究了空气和土壤真菌属之间的相似性。结果表明，在 Hor al-Azim 和 Shadegan 沙尘源中，环境真菌的群落结构与多尘日比非多尘日更相似。使用源追踪模型量化已知沙尘源对空气中真菌的贡献。结果表明，空气中真菌的主要来源是 Hor al-Azim，无论是多尘日还是非多尘日。本研究的结果可以帮助管理人员识别和优先考虑真菌物种的沙尘源。
