Division of Breast Surgery, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.
Division of Breast Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.
Curr Oncol. 2021 Oct 11;28(5):4053-4066. doi: 10.3390/curroncol28050344.
Since ancient times, breast cancer treatment has crucially relied on surgeons and clinicians making great efforts to find increasingly conservative approaches to cure the tumor. In the Halstedian era (mid-late 19th century), the predominant practice consisted of the radical and disfiguring removal of the breast, much to the detriment of women's psycho-physical well-being. Thanks to enlightened scientists such as Professor Umberto Veronesi, breast cancer surgery has since impressively progressed and adopted a much more conservative approach. Over the last three decades, a better understanding of tumor biology and of its significant biomarkers has made the assessment of genetic and molecular profiles increasingly important. At the same time, neo-adjuvant treatments have been introduced, and great improvements in genetics, imaging technologies and in both oncological and reconstructive surgical techniques have been made. The future of breast cancer management must now rest on an ever more precise and targeted type of surgery that, through an increasingly multidisciplinary and personalized approach, can ensure oncological radicality while offering the best possible quality of life.
自古以来，乳腺癌的治疗主要依赖于外科医生和临床医生努力寻找越来越保守的方法来治愈肿瘤。在 Halstedian 时代（19 世纪中叶至后期），主要的治疗方法是激进的、毁容的乳房切除术，这极大地损害了女性的身心健康。多亏了像 Umberto Veronesi 教授这样有见识的科学家，乳腺癌手术自那时以来取得了令人瞩目的进展，并采取了更为保守的方法。在过去的三十年中，对肿瘤生物学及其重要生物标志物的认识有了显著提高，使得评估遗传和分子谱变得越来越重要。同时，引入了新辅助治疗，在遗传学、成像技术以及肿瘤学和重建外科技术方面都取得了巨大的进步。乳腺癌管理的未来必须依赖于更精确和有针对性的手术类型，通过越来越多的多学科和个性化的方法，在保证肿瘤学根治性的同时，提供尽可能好的生活质量。
