越野铁人三项赛的竞赛要求：以一位全国冠军级别的大师组铁人三项运动员为例

Racing Demands of Off-Road Triathlon: A Case Study of a National Champion Masters Triathlete.

作者信息

Harnish Christopher R, Ferguson Hamish A, Swinand Gregory P

机构信息

Department of Exercise Science, Murphy Deming College of Health Sciences, Mary Baldwin University, Fishersville, VA 22939, USA.

Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.

出版信息

Sports (Basel). 2021 Sep 30;9(10):136. doi: 10.3390/sports9100136.

DOI:10.3390/sports9100136

PMID:34678917

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8539484/

Abstract

(1) Background: This report examines the unique demands of off-road triathlon (XT) by presenting physiological, field, and race data from a national champion off-road triathlete using several years of laboratory and field data to detail training and race intensity. (2) Methods: Laboratory and field data were collected when the athlete was at near peak fitness and included oxygen consumption (VO), heart rate (HR), power output (W), and blood lactate (BLC) during cycling and running, while HR, cycling W, and running metrics were obtained from training and race data files over a period of seven years. Intensity was described using % HR max zones (Z) 1 < 75%, 2 = 75-87%, and Zone 3 > 87%, and W. An ordinary least squares analysis was used to model differences between event types. (3) Results: Weather conditions were not different across events. XT events had twice the elevation change ( < 0.01) and two-three times greater anaerobic work capacity (W') ( < 0.001) than road triathlon (ROAD), but similar HR intensity profiles (max, avg, and zones); both events are predominately performed at >Z2 or higher intensity. Championship XT events were longer ( < 0.01), with higher kJ expenditure ( < 0.001). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) modelling suggested three variables were strongly related (R = 0.84; < 0.0001) to cycling performance: event type (XT vs ROAD), total meters climbed, and total bike duration. Championship XT runs were slower than either regional ( < 0.05) or ROAD ( < 0.01) runs, but HR intensity profiles similar. OLS modelling indicates that slower running is linked to either greater total bike kJ expenditure (R = 0.57; < 0.001), or total meters gained (R = 0.52; < 0.001). Race simulation data support these findings but failed to produce meaningful differences in running. Conclusions: XT race demands are unique and mirror mountain bike (MTB) and trail running demands. XT athletes must be mindful of developing anaerobic fitness, technical ability, and aerobic fitness, all of which contribute to off-road cycling economy. It is unclear whether XT cycling affects subsequent running performance different from ROAD cycling.

摘要

(1) 背景：本报告通过展示一名全国冠军越野铁人三项运动员的生理、场地和比赛数据，利用数年的实验室和场地数据详细说明训练和比赛强度，来研究越野铁人三项（XT）的独特需求。(2) 方法：在运动员接近体能峰值时收集实验室和场地数据，包括骑行和跑步时的耗氧量（VO）、心率（HR）、功率输出（W）和血乳酸（BLC），同时从七年期间的训练和比赛数据文件中获取心率、骑行功率和跑步指标。强度用最大心率百分比区域（Z）来描述，区域1 < 75%，区域2 = 75 - 87%，区域3 > 87%，以及功率（W）。使用普通最小二乘法分析来模拟不同赛事类型之间的差异。(3) 结果：各赛事的天气状况没有差异。与公路铁人三项（ROAD）相比，XT赛事的海拔变化是其两倍（< 0.01），无氧工作能力（W'）高出两到三倍（< 0.001），但心率强度分布相似（最大值、平均值和区域）；两项赛事主要都在>区域2或更高强度下进行。锦标赛XT赛事更长（< 0.01），能量消耗更高（< 0.001）。普通最小二乘法（OLS）建模表明，三个变量与骑行表现密切相关（R = 0.84；< 0.0001）：赛事类型（XT与ROAD）、总爬升米数和总骑行时长。锦标赛XT赛事的跑步速度比地区赛事（< 0.05）或公路赛事（< 0.01）都慢，但心率强度分布相似。OLS建模表明，跑步速度较慢与骑行总能量消耗增加（R = 0.57；< 0.001）或总爬升米数增加（R = 0.52；< 0.001）有关。比赛模拟数据支持这些发现，但在跑步方面未能产生有意义的差异。结论：XT赛事需求独特，反映了山地自行车（MTB）和越野跑的需求。XT运动员必须注重发展无氧体能、技术能力和有氧体能，所有这些都有助于提高越野骑行经济性。尚不清楚XT骑行对后续跑步表现的影响是否与公路骑行不同。