Potârniche Adrian Valentin, Mickiewicz Marcin, Olah Diana, Cerbu Constantin, Spînu Marina, Hari Attila, Györke Adriana, Moroz Agata, Czopowicz Michał, Várady Marián, Kaba Jarosław
Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Mănăștur Str. 3-5, 400372 Cluj, Romania.
Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Sep 22;11(10):2761. doi: 10.3390/ani11102761.
Currently, there are three classes of anthelmintics most commonly used in small ruminants: the benzimidazoles (BZs), macrocyclic lactones (MLs) and cholinergic agonists (especially levamisole; LEV). The widespread use of those products has led to the emergence of drug-resistant parasite strains which represents a serious threat to the livestock industry. In the present study, we describe for the first time a case of resistance to anthelmintics in goats in Romania. The study was carried out in 2021 in a dairy goat herd from the Transylvania region. Two types of diagnostic methods were used to confirm anthelmintic resistance (AR). First, the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), an in vivo AR diagnostic method, was used to evaluate the efficacy of eprinomectin (EPM). The results of this test were analysed applying two different calculative methods that are used only in treated animals (without the control group). Furthermore, two in vitro methods were used: the egg hatch test (EHT) for the detection of resistance to BZs, and the larval development test (LDT) for detection of resistance to all three classes of anthelmintics. The results of FECRT indicate the resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) to EPM in both calculative methods (FECR = -88% and FECR = -202%). In addition, the results obtained for ivermectin aglycone (IVM-AG) in LDT also indicate resistance to drugs from MLs group, especially avermectins. Similarly, the results of in vitro methods (EHT and LDT) indicate resistance to BZs in this herd. LEV was the only drug that stopped the development of L3 larvae 100% (LDT). was the only nematode species found in coproculture after EPM treatment. Furthermore, L3 larvae was the only species found in the wells with the highest concentrations of thiabendazole (TBZ) and IVM-AG in LDT. This suggests that resistance to both BZs and MLs was present for that species.
目前，小型反刍动物最常用的驱虫药有三类：苯并咪唑类（BZs）、大环内酯类（MLs）和胆碱能激动剂（尤其是左旋咪唑；LEV）。这些产品的广泛使用导致了耐药寄生虫菌株的出现，这对畜牧业构成了严重威胁。在本研究中，我们首次描述了罗马尼亚山羊对驱虫药产生耐药性的案例。该研究于2021年在特兰西瓦尼亚地区的一个奶山羊群中进行。使用了两种诊断方法来确认驱虫药耐药性（AR）。首先，粪便虫卵计数减少试验（FECRT），一种体内AR诊断方法，用于评估埃普利诺菌素（EPM）的疗效。该试验结果采用仅用于治疗动物（无对照组）的两种不同计算方法进行分析。此外，还使用了两种体外方法：用于检测对BZs耐药性的虫卵孵化试验（EHT），以及用于检测对所有三类驱虫药耐药性的幼虫发育试验（LDT）。FECRT结果表明，在两种计算方法中，胃肠道线虫（GINs）对EPM均有耐药性（FECR = -88%和FECR = -202%）。此外，LDT中伊维菌素苷元（IVM-AG）的结果也表明对MLs组药物有耐药性，尤其是阿维菌素。同样，体外方法（EHT和LDT）的结果表明该羊群对BZs有耐药性。LEV是唯一能100%阻止L3幼虫发育的药物（LDT）。 是EPM治疗后粪便培养中发现的唯一线虫种类。此外，在LDT中，L3幼虫是在噻苯达唑（TBZ）和IVM-AG浓度最高的孔中发现的唯一种类。这表明该种类对BZs和MLs均有耐药性。
