Montout Laura, Poullet Nausicaa, Bambou Jean-Christophe
INRAE UR143, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, Centre INRAE Antilles Guyane, Domaine de Duclos, Prise d'Eau, 97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, France.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Sep 27;11(10):2813. doi: 10.3390/ani11102813.
Infectious diseases represent one of the most critical threats to animal production worldwide. Due to the rise of pathogen resistance and consumer concern about chemical-free and environmentally friendly productions, the use of antimicrobials drugs is no longer desirable. The close relationship between nutrition and infection has led to numerous studies about livestock. The impact of feeding strategies, including synthetic amino acid supplementation, on host response to various infections has been investigated in different livestock animals. This systematic review provides a synthesis of the experimental studies on the interactions between synthetic amino acid supplementation and immune response to infectious diseases in livestock. Following PRISMA guidelines, quantitative research was conducted using two literature databases, PubMed and Web of Science. The eligibility criteria for the research articles were: (1) the host is a livestock animal; (2) the supplementation with at least one synthetic amino acid; (3) at least one mediator of immunity is measured; (4) at least one production trait is measured. Data were extracted from 58 selected studies. Articles on poultry were the most numerous; few contained experiments using ruminants and pigs. Most of the authors hypothesized that synthetic amino acid supplementation would particularly improve the animals' immune response against intracellular pathogens. An increase in T and natural killer lymphocytes and macrophages activation, intracellular redox state, lymphocytes proliferation and antibodies production were the most described immune mechanisms associated with synthetic amino acid supplementation. Most of the selected studies focused on three amino acids (methionine, threonine and arginine), all of which are associated with a significant improvement of the host immune response. The use of synthetic amino acid supplementation appears as an encouraging perspective for livestock infectious disease management, and research must concentrate on more analytical studies using these three amino acids.
传染病是全球动物生产面临的最关键威胁之一。由于病原体耐药性的上升以及消费者对无化学物质和环境友好型生产的关注，抗菌药物的使用已不再可取。营养与感染之间的密切关系引发了众多关于家畜的研究。包括补充合成氨基酸在内的饲养策略对宿主应对各种感染的影响已在不同家畜中进行了研究。本系统综述综合了关于家畜补充合成氨基酸与对传染病免疫反应之间相互作用的实验研究。遵循PRISMA指南，使用两个文献数据库PubMed和Web of Science进行了定量研究。研究文章的纳入标准为：（1）宿主为家畜；（2）补充至少一种合成氨基酸；（3）测量至少一种免疫介质；（4）测量至少一种生产性状。从58项选定研究中提取了数据。关于家禽的文章最多；很少有涉及反刍动物和猪的实验。大多数作者推测，补充合成氨基酸尤其会改善动物对细胞内病原体的免疫反应。T细胞、自然杀伤淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞激活增加、细胞内氧化还原状态、淋巴细胞增殖和抗体产生是与补充合成氨基酸相关的最常描述的免疫机制。大多数选定研究集中在三种氨基酸（蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和精氨酸）上，所有这些氨基酸都与宿主免疫反应的显著改善有关。补充合成氨基酸的使用似乎是家畜传染病管理中一个令人鼓舞的前景，研究必须集中在使用这三种氨基酸的更多分析性研究上。
