Manenti Tommaso, Kjærsgaard Anders, Schou Toke Munk, Pertoldi Cino, Moghadam Neda N, Loeschcke Volker
Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
Laboratori Biokyma srl, Loc.Mocaia 44b, 52031 Anghiari, AR, Italy.
Insects. 2021 Oct 11;12(10):925. doi: 10.3390/insects12100925.
Temperature has profound effects on biochemical processes as suggested by the extensive variation in performance of organisms across temperatures. Nonetheless, the use of fluctuating temperature (FT) regimes in laboratory experiments compared to constant temperature (CT) regimes is still mainly applied in studies of model organisms. We investigated how two amplitudes of developmental temperature fluctuation (22.5/27.5 °C and 20/30 °C, 12/12 h) affected several fitness-related traits in five Drosophila species with markedly different thermal resistance. Egg-to-adult viability did not change much with temperature except in the cold-adapted . Developmental time increased with FT among all species compared to the same mean CT. The impact of FT on wing size was quite diverse among species. Whereas wing size decreased quasi-linearly with CT in all species, there were large qualitative differences with FT. Changes in wing aspect ratio due to FT were large compared to the other traits and presumably a consequence of thermal stress. These results demonstrate that species of the same genus but with different thermal resistance can show substantial differences in responses to fluctuating developmental temperatures not predictable by constant developmental temperatures. Testing multiple traits facilitated the interpretation of responses to FT in a broader context.
正如不同温度下生物体表现的广泛差异所表明的那样，温度对生物化学过程有着深远的影响。尽管如此，与恒温（CT）条件相比，波动温度（FT）条件在实验室实验中的应用仍主要见于模式生物的研究。我们研究了两种发育温度波动幅度（22.5/27.5°C和20/30°C，12/12小时）如何影响五种热抗性明显不同的果蝇物种的几个与适应性相关的性状。除了在适应寒冷的物种中，从卵到成虫的存活率随温度变化不大。与相同平均恒温条件相比，所有物种的发育时间在波动温度下都增加了。波动温度对翅大小的影响在不同物种间差异很大。虽然在所有物种中翅大小随恒温条件呈准线性下降，但在波动温度下存在很大的质的差异。与其他性状相比，波动温度导致的翅纵横比变化很大，这可能是热应激的结果。这些结果表明，同一属但热抗性不同的物种对波动发育温度的反应可能存在很大差异，而恒温发育温度无法预测这些差异。测试多个性状有助于在更广泛的背景下解释对波动温度的反应。
