Almeida-Santos Ana C, Novais Carla, Peixe Luísa, Freitas Ana R
UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Oct 7;10(10):1215. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10101215.
spp. are one of the most frequent producers of bacteriocins (enterocins), which provides them with an advantage to compete in their natural environment, which is the gut of humans and many animals. The enterocins' activity against microorganisms from different phylogenetic groups has raised interest in spp. in different contexts throughout the last decades, especially in the food industry. Nevertheless, some species can also cause opportunistic life-threatening infections and are frequently multidrug-resistant (MDR). Vancomycin-resistant (VRE), in particular, are an ongoing global challenge given the lack of therapeutic options. In this scenario, bacteriocins can offer a potential solution to this persistent threat, either alone or in combination with other antimicrobials. There are a handful of studies that demonstrate the advantages and applications of bacteriocins, especially against VRE. The purpose of this review is to present a current standpoint about the dual role of spp., from important producers to targets needed to be controlled, and the crucial role that enterocins may have in the expansion of enterococcal populations. Classification and distribution of enterocins, the current knowledge about the bacteriocinome of clinical enterococci, and the challenges of bacteriocin use in the fight against VRE infections are particularly detailed.
肠球菌属是细菌素（肠球菌素）最常见的产生菌之一，这使其在自然环境（人类和许多动物的肠道）中具有竞争优势。在过去几十年中，肠球菌素对来自不同系统发育组的微生物的活性在不同背景下引发了对肠球菌属的关注，尤其是在食品工业中。然而，一些菌种也可引起危及生命的机会性感染，并且常常具有多重耐药性（MDR）。鉴于缺乏治疗选择，耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE）尤其成为一个持续存在的全球挑战。在这种情况下，细菌素单独或与其他抗菌药物联合使用可为这一持续威胁提供潜在解决方案。有少数研究证明了细菌素的优势和应用，尤其是针对VRE的优势和应用。本综述的目的是阐述关于肠球菌属双重作用的当前观点，从重要的产生菌到需要控制的目标菌，以及肠球菌素在肠球菌种群扩张中可能发挥的关键作用。特别详细介绍了肠球菌素的分类和分布、临床肠球菌细菌素组的现有知识以及使用细菌素对抗VRE感染所面临的挑战。
