Wu Mingfang, Liu Peiyan, Wang Siying, Zhong Chen, Zhao Xiuhua
School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Foods. 2021 Oct 10;10(10):2399. doi: 10.3390/foods10102399.
A biological pretreatment of leaf biomass was carried out. Above all, the total flavonoids were isolated from leaves by the treatment of alkaline solution of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate combined with ultrasonic microwave. The extraction parameters were optimized by central composite design (CCD) software and were displayed as follows: surfactant concentration of 1.5%, microwave power of 700 W, extraction time of 30 min, and liquid-solid ratio of 50 mL/g. The actual yield of total flavonoids was 1.45%. The results of Sudan III color development showed that the cuticle of leaves was completely removed after dilute alkali pretreatment. Then, leaves were fermented by to remove the holocellulose and obtain gutta-percha. The content of cellulose and hemicellulose in leaves obviously decreased after fermentation. The optimum parameters were listed as follows: solid-liquid ratio of 0.06 g/mL, four extraction times, extraction time of 89.72 min, and extraction temperature of 85 °C. The actual yield of gutta-percha was 4.38%. The amount of extraction solvent per unit weight of gutta-percha from untreated leaves was 2.91 mL/mg, while that from leaves treated by was only 0.96 mL/mg. The amount of extraction solvent was grossly reduced, which is beneficial in terms of environmental protection. The characterizations of gutta-percha were verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR). This study laid a certain theoretical and experimental basis for the multi-stage extraction of leaves and the utilization of resources.
对叶片生物质进行了生物预处理。首先，通过十二烷基苯磺酸钠碱性溶液结合超声微波处理从叶片中分离出总黄酮。利用中心复合设计（CCD）软件对提取参数进行了优化，结果如下：表面活性剂浓度为1.5%，微波功率为700 W，提取时间为30分钟，液固比为50 mL/g。总黄酮的实际产率为1.45%。苏丹III显色结果表明，稀碱预处理后叶片的角质层被完全去除。然后，用[具体物质]对叶片进行发酵以去除全纤维素并获得杜仲胶。经[具体物质]发酵后，叶片中纤维素和半纤维素的含量明显降低。最佳参数如下：固液比为0.06 g/mL，提取次数为4次，提取时间为89.72分钟，提取温度为85℃。杜仲胶的实际产率为4.38%。未处理叶片每单位重量杜仲胶的提取溶剂量为2.91 mL/mg，而经[具体物质]处理的叶片每单位重量杜仲胶的提取溶剂量仅为0.96 mL/mg。提取溶剂量大幅减少，这在环境保护方面是有益的。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和质子核磁共振（H NMR）对杜仲胶进行了表征。该研究为叶片的多级提取和资源利用奠定了一定的理论和实验基础。
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