Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia.
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy 20404, Sri Lanka.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 11;22(20):10959. doi: 10.3390/ijms222010959.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are commonly ingested via meat and are produced from high-temperature cooking of meat. Some of these PAHs have potential roles in carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate PAH concentrations in eight types of commonly consumed ready-to-eat meat samples and their potential effects on gene expressions related to CRC. Extraction and clean-up of meat samples were performed using QuEChERS method, and PAHs were detected using GC-MS. Nine different PAHs were found in meat samples. Interestingly, roast turkey contained the highest total PAH content, followed by salami meat. Hams of varying levels of smokedness showed a proportional increase of phenanthrene (PHEN), anthracene (ANTH), and fluorene (FLU). Triple-smoked ham samples showed significantly higher levels of these PAHs compared to single-smoked ham. These three PAHs plus benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), being detected in three meat samples, were chosen as treatments to investigate in vitro gene expression changes in human colon cells. After PAH treatment, total RNA was extracted and rtPCR was performed, investigating gene expression related to CRC. B[a]P decreased mRNA expression of . In addition, at high concentrations, B[a]P significantly increased expression. Treatments with 1 µM PHEN, 25 µM, and 10 µM FLU significantly increased mRNA expression in vitro, implying the potential basis for PAH-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Opposingly, the ANTH treatment led to increased and expression and decreased expression, suggesting an anti-carcinogenic effect. To conclude, PAHs are common in ready-to-eat meat samples and are capable of significantly modifying the expression of key genes related to CRC.
多环芳烃(PAHs)通常通过肉类摄入,并且是由肉类的高温烹饪产生的。其中一些 PAHs 在结直肠癌(CRC)的致癌作用中具有潜在作用。我们旨在研究 8 种常见的即食肉类样品中的 PAH 浓度及其对与 CRC 相关的基因表达的潜在影响。使用 QuEChERS 方法对肉样进行提取和净化,并用 GC-MS 检测 PAHs。在肉样中发现了 9 种不同的 PAHs。有趣的是,烤火鸡的总 PAH 含量最高,其次是意大利香肠肉。不同烟熏程度的火腿表现出菲(PHEN)、蒽(ANTH)和芴(FLU)的比例增加。三重烟熏火腿样品中这些 PAHs 的水平明显高于单烟熏火腿。这三种 PAHs 加上苯并[a]芘(B[a]P),在三种肉样中被检测到,被选为体外人结肠细胞基因表达变化的研究对象。在 PAH 处理后,提取总 RNA 并进行 rtPCR,研究与 CRC 相关的基因表达。B[a]P 降低了 的 mRNA 表达。此外,在高浓度下,B[a]P 显著增加了 的表达。1µM PHEN、25µM 和 10µM FLU 的处理显著增加了体外 的 mRNA 表达,暗示了 PAH 诱导结直肠癌发生的潜在基础。相反,ANTH 处理导致 和 的表达增加和 的表达减少,表明具有抗癌作用。总之,PAHs 在即食肉类样品中很常见,并且能够显著改变与 CRC 相关的关键基因的表达。