Morgan Eric R, Modry David, Paredes-Esquivel Claudia, Foronda Pilar, Traversa Donato
School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK.
Biology Center, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Pathogens. 2021 Sep 25;10(10):1236. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10101236.
Lungworms in the genus cause disease in animals and humans. The spread of within Europe and the recent establishment of increase the relevance of these species to veterinary and medical practitioners, and to researchers in parasitology, epidemiology, veterinary science and ecology. This review introduces the key members of the genus present in Europe and their impacts on health, and updates the current epidemiological situation. Expansion of from localized pockets to wide distribution across the continent has been confirmed by a rising prevalence in foxes and increasing reports of infection and disease in dogs, while the list of carnivore and mustelid definitive hosts continues to grow. The tropically distributed rat lungworm , meanwhile, has been recorded on islands south of Europe, previously the Canary Islands, and now also the Balearic Islands, although so far with limited evidence of zoonotic disease. Other members of the genus, namely, , and , are native to Europe and mainly infect wildlife, with unknown consequences for populations, although spill-over can occur into domestic animals and those in zoological collections. The epidemiology of angiostrongylosis is complex, and further research is needed on parasite maintenance in sylvatic hosts, and on the roles of ecology, behaviour and genetics in disease emergence. Improved surveillance in animals and humans is also required to support risk assessments and management.
类的肺线虫会导致动物和人类患病。其在欧洲的传播以及最近的定殖增加了这些物种对兽医和医学从业者以及寄生虫学、流行病学、兽医学和生态学研究人员的相关性。本综述介绍了欧洲存在的该类关键成员及其对健康的影响，并更新了当前的流行病学情况。狐狸中患病率上升以及犬类感染和疾病报告增多，证实了其已从局部区域扩展到整个大陆广泛分布，而肉食动物和鼬科终末宿主的名单也在不断增加。与此同时，热带分布的大鼠肺线虫已在欧洲南部岛屿有记录，此前是加那利群岛，现在巴利阿里群岛也有，尽管到目前为止人兽共患病的证据有限。该类的其他成员，即、和，原产于欧洲，主要感染野生动物，对种群的影响未知，尽管可能会传播到家畜和动物园圈养动物中。管圆线虫病的流行病学很复杂，需要进一步研究野生动物宿主中的寄生虫维持情况，以及生态学、行为学和遗传学在疾病出现中的作用。还需要加强对动物和人类的监测，以支持风险评估和管理。
