Zimler Rebecca A, Alto Barry W
Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th St. S.E., Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA.
Pathogens. 2021 Sep 28;10(10):1252. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10101252.
The Asian genotype of Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged in Brazil in 2015 and subsequently spread throughout the Americas. In July 2016, Florida experienced its first locally acquired ZIKV infection in the continental U.S. Concerns about health risks from ZIKV infection have increased the need to investigate the interactions between potential mosquito vectors and ZIKV. The time it takes for an arbovirus to propagate within a mosquito, and become transmissible, is the extrinsic incubation period (EIP). The EIP for potential mosquito vectors in Florida is unknown. To address this gap in the understanding of ZIKV epidemiology, Florida (L.) and (Skuse) were orally exposed to ZIKV infected blood meals and fully engorged mosquitoes were held at a constant temperature of 28 °C through the duration of the experiment. Saliva expectorates were collected from cohorts of mosquitoes and tested for the presence of ZIKV at three-day intervals over a period of 24 days to allow for an evaluation of the EIP of the emergent Asian lineage of ZIKV. High rates of infected bodies in (75-94%) and (68-86%) were observed throughout the incubation period, which did not differ by species. Higher rates of disseminated infection were observed later during the incubation period but did not differ between species. We calculated the 50% EIP to be shorter in than (16.2 and 18.2 days post infection, respectively). The competence for ZIKV observed in both species may contribute to high rates of ZIKV transmission in Florida populations.
寨卡病毒（ZIKV）的亚洲基因型于2015年在巴西出现，随后传播至整个美洲。2016年7月，佛罗里达州在美国大陆经历了首例本地感染的寨卡病毒病例。对寨卡病毒感染健康风险的担忧增加了研究潜在蚊虫媒介与寨卡病毒之间相互作用的必要性。虫媒病毒在蚊子体内繁殖并变得具有传播性所需的时间为外在潜伏期（EIP）。佛罗里达州潜在蚊虫媒介的外在潜伏期尚不清楚。为了填补对寨卡病毒流行病学认识上的这一空白，将佛罗里达伊蚊（L.）和致倦库蚊（Skuse）经口暴露于感染寨卡病毒的血餐中，并在整个实验过程中将饱腹的蚊子置于28°C的恒定温度下。从成群的蚊子中收集唾液分泌物，并在24天内每隔三天检测是否存在寨卡病毒，以便评估寨卡病毒新出现的亚洲谱系的外在潜伏期。在整个潜伏期内，观察到佛罗里达伊蚊（75 - 94%）和致倦库蚊（68 - 86%）的感染率很高，且两种蚊子之间无差异。在潜伏期后期观察到更高的传播感染率，但两种蚊子之间无差异。我们计算出佛罗里达伊蚊的50%外在潜伏期比致倦库蚊短（分别在感染后16.2天和18.2天）。在这两种蚊子中观察到的对寨卡病毒的易感性可能导致佛罗里达州人群中寨卡病毒的高传播率。
