Chouin-Carneiro Thais, Vega-Rua Anubis, Vazeille Marie, Yebakima André, Girod Romain, Goindin Daniella, Dupont-Rouzeyrol Myrielle, Lourenço-de-Oliveira Ricardo, Failloux Anna-Bella
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Institut Pasteur, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Mar 3;10(3):e0004543. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004543. eCollection 2016 Mar.
Since the major outbreak in 2007 in the Yap Island, Zika virus (ZIKV) causing dengue-like syndromes has affected multiple islands of the South Pacific region. In May 2015, the virus was detected in Brazil and then spread through South and Central America. In December 2015, ZIKV was detected in French Guiana and Martinique. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vector competence of the mosquito spp. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe), North America (southern United States), South America (Brazil, French Guiana) for the currently circulating Asian genotype of ZIKV isolated from a patient in April 2014 in New Caledonia.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Mosquitoes were orally exposed to an Asian genotype of ZIKV (NC-2014-5132). Upon exposure, engorged mosquitoes were maintained at 28° ± 1 °C, a 16h:8h light:dark cycle and 80% humidity. 25-30 mosquitoes were processed at 4, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Mosquito bodies (thorax and abdomen), heads and saliva were analyzed to measure infection, dissemination and transmission, respectively. High infection but lower disseminated infection and transmission rates were observed for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Ae. aegypti populations from Guadeloupe and French Guiana exhibited a higher dissemination of ZIKV than the other Ae. aegypti populations examined. Transmission of ZIKV was observed in both mosquito species at 14 dpi but at a low level.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study suggests that although susceptible to infection, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were unexpectedly low competent vectors for ZIKV. This may suggest that other factors such as the large naïve population for ZIKV and the high densities of human-biting mosquitoes contribute to the rapid spread of ZIKV during the current outbreak.
自2007年在雅浦岛发生重大疫情以来，导致登革热样综合征的寨卡病毒（ZIKV）已影响南太平洋地区的多个岛屿。2015年5月，该病毒在巴西被检测到，随后传播至南美洲和中美洲。2015年12月，在法属圭亚那和马提尼克岛检测到寨卡病毒。本研究的目的是评估来自加勒比地区（马提尼克岛、瓜德罗普岛）、北美洲（美国南部）、南美洲（巴西、法属圭亚那）的埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊这两种蚊子对2014年4月在新喀里多尼亚从一名患者身上分离出的目前正在传播的亚洲基因型寨卡病毒的媒介能力。
方法/主要发现：让蚊子经口接触亚洲基因型的寨卡病毒（NC - 2014 - 5132）。接触后，饱血的蚊子饲养在28°±1°C、16小时光照：8小时黑暗周期和80%湿度的环境中。在感染后4天、7天和14天对25 - 30只蚊子进行处理。分别对蚊子的身体（胸部和腹部）、头部和唾液进行分析，以测量感染、传播和传播率。埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊均观察到高感染率，但传播感染率和传播率较低。来自瓜德罗普岛和法属圭亚那的埃及伊蚊种群对寨卡病毒的传播率高于所检测的其他埃及伊蚊种群。在14天感染期时，在两种蚊子中均观察到寨卡病毒的传播，但水平较低。
结论/意义：本研究表明，尽管埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊易受感染，但它们对寨卡病毒而言却是出人意料的低效媒介。这可能表明，其他因素，如对寨卡病毒缺乏免疫力的大量人群以及高密度的嗜人蚊子，促成了当前疫情期间寨卡病毒的快速传播。
