Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
Department of Health and Nutrition, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.
Nutrients. 2021 Sep 28;13(10):3428. doi: 10.3390/nu13103428.
In order to provide effective dietary guidance, it is necessary to consider dietary intake, which can change over time. This study analyzed changes in the diet of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes over a 20-year period.
We compared the results of two dietary surveys that used the food frequency questionnaire format. The first was conducted in 1996 by the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS) ( = 1509; males 53.3%), and the second in 2014-2018 by the Japan Diabetes Clinical Data Management Study (JDDM) ( = 1145; males 65.6%). Both are nationwide representative registries of outpatients with type 2 diabetes in Japan.
Over a 20-year period, both men and women with type 2 diabetes had a significant increase in body mass index (BMI). Nonetheless, there was only a small change in energy intake. Conversely, there was a significant increase in fat intake and thus in the fat-to-energy ratio. With regard to food groups, there was a significant increase in meat intake and a decrease in the intake of fish, soybeans/soy products, vegetables, and fruits, with a particularly significant decrease in vegetables.
Even in Japan, an industrialized country with a stable socioeconomic environment, there were many significant changes in the dietary intake of patients with type 2 diabetes over the 20-year period.
为了提供有效的饮食指导，有必要考虑饮食摄入，而饮食摄入会随时间而变化。本研究分析了 20 年来日本 2 型糖尿病患者饮食的变化。
我们比较了两次使用食物频率问卷格式的饮食调查的结果。第一次是由日本糖尿病并发症研究（JDCS）于 1996 年进行的（n=1509；男性 53.3%），第二次是由日本糖尿病临床数据管理研究（JDDM）于 2014-2018 年进行的（n=1145；男性 65.6%）。这两项研究都是日本 2 型糖尿病门诊患者的全国代表性登记研究。
在 20 年期间，男性和女性 2 型糖尿病患者的体重指数（BMI）均显著增加。尽管如此，能量摄入仅略有变化。相反，脂肪摄入量显著增加，因此脂肪与能量的比例也增加了。就食物组而言，肉类摄入量显著增加，鱼类、大豆/豆制品、蔬菜和水果摄入量减少，其中蔬菜摄入量减少尤其显著。
即使在日本这个社会经济环境稳定的工业化国家，20 年来 2 型糖尿病患者的饮食摄入也发生了许多显著变化。
