Department of Kinesiology, Institute of Sport, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland.
Nutrients. 2021 Sep 30;13(10):3481. doi: 10.3390/nu13103481.
This study aimed to analyze the effects of live high-train low method (LH-TL) and intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) with a controlled mixed diet on lipid profile in cyclists. Thirty trained male cyclists at a national level with at least six years of training experience participated in the study. The LH-TL group was exposed to hypoxia (FiO = 16.5%) for 11-12 h a day and trained under normoxia for 3 weeks. In the IHT group, participants followed the IHT routine three times a week under hypoxia (FiO = 16.5%) at lactate threshold intensity. The control group (N) lived and trained under normoxia. The results showed that the 3-week LH-TL method significantly improved all lipid profile variables. The LH-TL group showed a significant increase in HDL-C by 9.0% and a decrease in total cholesterol (TC) by 9.2%, LDL-C by 18.2%, and triglycerides (TG) by 27.6%. There were no significant changes in lipid profiles in the IHT and N groups. ∆TG and ∆TC were significantly higher in the LH-TL group compared to the N group. In conclusion, hypoxic conditions combined with a mixed diet can induce beneficial changes in lipid profile even in highly trained athletes. The effectiveness of the hypoxic stimulus is closely related to the hypoxic training method.
本研究旨在分析高住低训（LH-TL）和间歇性低氧训练（IHT）联合控制混合饮食对自行车运动员血脂谱的影响。30 名有至少六年训练经验的国家级受训男性自行车运动员参与了这项研究。LH-TL 组每天接受 11-12 小时的低氧（FiO = 16.5%）暴露，并在正常氧环境下训练 3 周。IHT 组的运动员每周在低氧（FiO = 16.5%）下进行 3 次 IHT 训练，达到乳酸阈强度。对照组（N）在正常氧环境下生活和训练。结果表明，3 周 LH-TL 方法显著改善了所有血脂谱变量。LH-TL 组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）显著增加了 9.0%，总胆固醇（TC）降低了 9.2%，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）降低了 18.2%，甘油三酯（TG）降低了 27.6%。IHT 组和 N 组的血脂谱没有显著变化。与 N 组相比，LH-TL 组的∆TG 和∆TC 显著更高。综上所述，在高训练水平的运动员中，低氧条件联合混合饮食可以诱导血脂谱的有益变化。低氧刺激的有效性与低氧训练方法密切相关。
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