Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institute, Blickagången 16, Neo floor 7, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
BMC Womens Health. 2021 Apr 20;21(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s12905-021-01306-4.
Dyslipidemia in metabolic syndrome may introduce an underestimation of the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) using Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) as a surrogate marker. Recently, non-High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (non-HDL-C), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and remnant-Cholesterol (remnant-C) have been suggested as better biomarkers for dyslipidemia. In addition, the microbial metabolites trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), betaine and choline have been associated with CVD and suggested as markers for dysbiosis. There is a lack of knowledge on potential alterations in these biomarkers during the menstrual cycle. The aim of this single center, prospective non-interventional study, was to investigate variations in biomarkers of dyslipidemia and dysbiosis in healthy volunteers during the menstrual cycle.
Serum samples were collected from 17 healthy, regularly menstruating women during two menstrual cycles, including the follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases. Levels of lipoproteins, lipoprotein ratios and microbial metabolites were analyzed in a total of 90 samples (30 complete menstrual cycles).
ApoB, ApoB/HDL and non-HDL-C/HDL ratios were significantly higher in the follicular phase compared to the ovulatory and luteal phases (p < 0.05). Remnant-C were higher during the luteal phase (p < 0.05). TMAO did not vary during the different phases and did not correlate with estrogen levels.
Our data support that biomarkers for dyslipidemia vary during the menstrual cycle. Thus, to avoid an underestimation of cardiovascular risk, sampling during the follicular phase, when levels of pro-atherogenic lipids are higher, may be considered.
代谢综合征中的血脂异常可能会导致使用低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）作为替代标志物来低估心血管疾病（CVD）的风险。最近，非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-HDL-C）、载脂蛋白 B（ApoB）和残留在胆固醇（remnant-C）已被建议作为血脂异常的更好生物标志物。此外，微生物代谢产物三甲胺 N-氧化物（TMAO）、甜菜碱和胆碱与 CVD 相关，并被认为是肠道菌群失调的标志物。目前，人们对这些生物标志物在月经周期中潜在变化的了解还很有限。本单中心、前瞻性非干预性研究的目的是调查健康志愿者在月经周期中血脂异常和肠道菌群失调相关生物标志物的变化。
在两个月经周期内（包括卵泡期、排卵期和黄体期），从 17 名健康、规律月经的女性中采集血清样本。共分析了 90 份样本（30 个完整的月经周期）的脂蛋白、脂蛋白比值和微生物代谢产物水平。
与排卵期和黄体期相比，卵泡期的 ApoB、ApoB/HDL 和 non-HDL-C/HDL 比值明显升高（p<0.05）。黄体期 remnant-C 水平较高（p<0.05）。TMAO 在不同阶段没有变化，也与雌激素水平无关。
我们的数据支持血脂异常相关的生物标志物在月经周期中发生变化。因此，为了避免低估心血管风险，在卵泡期（此时致动脉粥样硬化脂质水平较高）采样可能是必要的。
