Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Nutrients. 2021 Oct 7;13(10):3521. doi: 10.3390/nu13103521.
As a key modulator of training adaptations and racing performance, nutrition plays a critical role in endurance runners' success, and the training/racing behaviors of runners are potentially affected by their diet types. The present study aimed to investigate whether distance runners with a vegan diet (i.e., devoid of foods or ingredients from animal sources), vegetarian diet (i.e., devoid of meat and flesh foods), and omnivorous diet (i.e., a mixed diet with no restriction on food sources) have different training and racing patterns in general and based on race distance subgroups. A total of 3835 recreational runners completed an online survey. Runners were assigned to dietary (omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan) and race distance (<21 km, half-marathon, and marathon/ultra-marathon) groups. In addition to sociodemographic information, a complete profile of data sets focusing on running and racing behaviors/patterns was evaluated using a questionnaire-based epidemiological approach. There were 1272 omnivores (47% females), 598 vegetarians (64% females), and 994 vegans (65% females). Compared to vegans and vegetarians, omnivorous runners prepared for a longer time period for running events, had a higher number of half-marathons and marathons completed with a better finish time, and had more reliance on training under supervision ( < 0.05). The present findings indicate an important association of diet types with patterns of training and racing amongst endurance runners that may be related to different motives of omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan runners for participating in events.
作为训练适应和比赛表现的关键调节剂，营养在耐力跑者的成功中起着至关重要的作用，跑者的训练/比赛行为可能会受到他们饮食类型的影响。本研究旨在调查素食（即不含动物源食物或成分）、素食（即不含肉类和肉类食物）和杂食（即无食物来源限制的混合饮食）的长跑运动员的训练和比赛模式是否存在差异一般而言，以及根据比赛距离子组。共有 3835 名休闲跑步者完成了在线调查。跑步者被分配到饮食（杂食、素食和素食）和比赛距离（<21 公里、半程马拉松和马拉松/超级马拉松）组。除了社会人口统计学信息外，还使用基于问卷调查的流行病学方法评估了一套专注于跑步和比赛行为/模式的完整数据集。有 1272 名杂食者（47%为女性）、598 名素食者（64%为女性）和 994 名素食者（65%为女性）。与素食者和素食者相比，杂食者为跑步活动准备的时间更长，完成的半程马拉松和马拉松次数更多，完成时间更好，并且更依赖监督下的训练（<0.05）。本研究结果表明，饮食类型与耐力跑者的训练和比赛模式之间存在重要关联，这可能与杂食者、素食者和素食者参加比赛的不同动机有关。
